我国企业要抓住“一带一路”倡议机遇“走出去”，需要全面了解沿线国家和地区的环境标准。本文搜集整理了“一带一路”沿线国家的环境空气质量标准，分别从标准设置、污染物项目和限值水平、地区差异等方面进行分析、比较和讨论，发现虽然“一带一路”沿线大多数国家都制定了环境空气质量标准，但是在污染物项目设置、平均时间、浓度限值方面却差异很大；蒙俄、中东欧大多数国家标准较为严格，中亚、东南亚国家相对宽松，南亚和西亚、中东地区宽严程度差异较大。对于不同的环境标准要求和经济发展水平，有针对性地提出了环境标准合作、中国环境标准和产业输出的策略建议。关键词：环境标准；“一带一路”；空气质量标准；标准合作

To capture the strategic opportunity created by the Belt and Road Initiative to go global, enterprises in China should fully understand the environmental standards of countries and regions along the route. This paper first summarizes the ambient air quality standards of countries along the Belt and Road, and then compares and analyzes these standards in terms of standards setting, pollutants and their limits, regional differences, etc. We found that most countries along the Belt and Road have formulated their own ambient air quality standards; however, there are still profound discrepancies in pollutants setting, average time, and concentration limits among these standards. The standards in Mongolia, Russia, and most Central and Eastern European countries are comparatively stringent, while those in Central and Southeast Asia countries are relatively loose; and there is a great diversity in the strictness of standards in South Asia, West Asia, and Middle East regions. Considering the differences in environmental standards requirement and economic development level, suggestions are proposed accordingly, including environmental standards cooperation, and export of China's environmental standards and industries.