伊朗铁路经过百年发展，在伊朗综合运输体系中占据重要地位。为满足伊朗国内经济社会发展需要，发挥国际交通枢纽的区位优势，伊朗制定了为期10 年的铁路发展规划，计划到2025 年，铁路网络既有线路全部实现电气化改造，复线率提升至100%，并且实现铁路里程翻番目标。伊朗铁路提升计划为中资企业进入伊朗工程建设市场提供了利好和机遇，中资企业参与伊朗铁路提升计划也面临“伊核协议”不确定性、营商环境不佳、铁路建设领域大国“角逐”，以及技术标准选择偏好等四方面的挑战。研究建议，中资企业参与伊朗铁路建设市场，不仅需要敏锐捕捉机会，也需要谨慎评估存在的风险；结合国际政治经济形势，综合权衡成本和收益，进行理性决策，在响应“一带一路”倡议过程中，稳健地实施“走出去”战略。

After over a century’s development, railway transportation is now occupying an important position in the comprehensive transportation system in Iran. To serve the demands for domestic economic and social development and give full play to the regional advantages as an international transportation hub, Iran has formulated a ten-year railway development plan. By the end of 2025, all the existing railway lines in Iran are expected to be electrified, the rate of double track railways will be increased to 100%, and the railway mileage in Iran will be doubled. This Iranian railway upgrading plan has provided favorable opportunities for Chinese enterprises to enter the Iranian engineering construction market. Meanwhile, Chinese enterprises are facing various challenges, including the uncertainty of The Iranian Nuclear Deal, unsound business environment, competition from nations that are strong in railway construction, and Iran’s preference of technical standards. Therefore, Chinese enterprises should carefully assess the existing risks while observantly seizing the opportunities, and make rational decisions by comprehensively analyzing the international political and economic situations and comprehensively weighting the costs and benefits, thereby steadily “going global” under the “Belt and Road” initiative.