本文以水环境为线索，以安徽省合肥市、巢湖流域为例，从城市、流域层面梳理其在产业发展、资源节约、环境治理、生态保护以及流域管理机制等方面的优秀做法和经验，调研形成合肥市城乡生态文明建设的“三水共赢”、巢湖流域生态文明建设的“三生优化”模式。同时针对安徽省在水环境生态文明建设过程中存在的问题，提出安徽省及其他水环境地区下一阶段应着力推进经济绿色发展、加大环境治理和生态修复力度、建立动态监测预警机制、健全流域管理机制、探索建立生态补偿机制和市场化机制等发展建议。

Excellent practices and experiences in industrial development, resource conservation, environmental governance, ecological protection, and watershed management mechanism are introduced from the urban (e.g., Hefei City in Anhui Province) and river basin (e.g., Chaohu Lake Basin) levels. A “three-water improvement” model for ecological civilization construction in urban and rural areas in Hefei, and a “three-ecological optimization” model for ecological civilization construction in Chaohu Basin are summarized through surveys. Meanwhile, development suggestions are proposed to solve problems existing in water ecological environment construction in Anhui Province, including promoting green economic development, strengthening environmental governance and ecological restoration, establishing a dynamic monitoring and early-warning mechanism, improving the watershed management mechanism, and establishing an ecological compensation mechanism and a marketization mechanism.