华北地区是我国重要的粮食和农产品生产基地，对保障国家的粮食和食物安全至关重要。华北用仅占全国6% 的水资源支撑了占全国18% 的耕地并生产出占全国23% 的粮食。但这个巨大成就是以极大的资源环境和生态成本为代价的。本文回顾华北粮食生产和用水的历史性成就，总结现在面临的主要问题和挑战，然后应用国际水资源研究界广泛应用的农业用水管理的综合分析框架，系统分析1998—2015 年华北地区水资源、农业用水以及用水效率和水分生产力，在此基础上尝试提出了未来保障华北地区食物安全的战略和政策途径。

North China is one of the major breadbaskets in China and is critical in ensuring food security of the nation. It sustained 18% of national total arable land, and 23% of national total grain crop output using only 6% of national total water resources. However, such impressive accomplishments were achieved at huge costs incurred in resources, environment, and ecosystem. We first presented accomplishments, current situations, and main challenges facing agriculture and water use in North China. Then, using an integrated framework in agricultural water management widely adopted by international water research communities, we reviewed the trajectory of agricultural development and its associated water withdrawal, water use efficiencies, and productivities in North China from 1998 to 2015, from which some major experiences and lessons were derived. We then tentatively proposed policy and strategy pathways to ensure food security in North China in the future.