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深海海洋生态系统与海洋生态保护区发展趋势
Development Trend of Deep-Sea Ecosystem and Marine Protected Areas
本文介绍了深海生态系统的类型及研究现状、面临的主要问题、关键需求及对策。与浅海生态系统相比，深海样品获取困难、已知数据少、研究程度较低。深海栖息着丰富多彩的生物群落，例如深海热泉中分布的具有特化营养体的管状蠕虫及极端嗜热古菌、冷泉区分布的硫酸盐还原菌共生的贻贝及蛤类、海山区域高度多样性的生物群落、捕食浮游生物的冷水珊瑚以及形态奇特的深渊狮子鱼，这些均迥异于其他生态环境，具有很高的生态研究价值。近年来，我国对深海资源的开发需求日益增强，深海探测技术迅速发展为深海生态系统的研究提供了契机，开展深海生物多样性研究并发展深海生态系统理论模型，成为迫在眉睫且切实可行的重要任务。为此，提出建立深海生物数据库、平衡深海资源利用与生态保护的关系、发展深海生态理论模型、加快管理对策和法律文书的制定等深海生态系统的保护对策建议。
The types, current situation, main problems, and technological needs of deep-sea ecosystems are described in this paper. Compared with those of shallow-sea ecosystems, samples of deep-sea ecosystems are more difficult to get, accumulated data is less, and the research degree is relatively limited. Diverse species dwell in deep sea, for example, the tubeworms and extemothermophilic archaea around the deep-sea hydrothermal vents, the mussels and clams that live on those sulfate reducing bacteria in the cold spring zone, the diverse species in the seamounts, the cold-water coral that capture the planktons, and the specialized sailfish in abyss. Those ecosystems are quite different from others and have high values for study. Recently, the rapid development of the deep-sea monitoring equipment and other detection devices provides a golden opportunity for studying the deep-sea ecosystems. The researches of the biodiversity and ecological theory for deep-sea ecosystems are urgent and practical. Therefore, strategies for protecting the deepsea ecosystem are proposed, including: to build a database of the deep-sea biology; to balance the deep-sea mineral exploring and ecosystem protection; to develop the theory model for deep-sea ecosystem; and to accelerate the formulation of management strategies and legal instruments.
biodiversity / deep-sea ecosystems / marine protected areas
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