南极海洋保护区事务近 10年来发展较快，是南极海洋治理中备受关注的重点议题。本文介绍了南极海洋保护区的设立进程，探讨了南极海洋保护区事务面临的挑战，提出了中国参与南极海洋治理的建议。南极海洋生物资源养护委员会各成员方在南极海洋保护区法律制度、政治因素、科学基础和管理监测等方面仍存在分歧和矛盾，是南极海洋保护区事务进一步发展的主要挑战。为实施“海洋命运共同体”重要理念，履行南极海洋生物资源养护委员会成员国义务，中国应深度参与南极海洋保护区事务、尽快完善国内海洋保护区法律制度，并大力加强南极海洋生态环境科学研究。

The Antarctic marine protected areas (MPAs) have developed rapidly in the past decade and are the focus of ocean governance in the Antarctic, attracting much attention. This paper introduces the establishment process and legal basis of the Antarctic MPAs, discusses the challenges in the development process, and raises some policy proposals. Some disagreement and controversy remain among the members of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) in terms of legal regime, political issues, scientific basis, management, and monitoring, which are the major challenges in the development of Antarctic MPAs. In order to implement the important concept of “Marine Community of Shared Future” and fulfill the obligations as a member of CCAMLR, China should deeply participate in the affairs of the Antarctic MPAs, improve domestic legal regime on MPAs, and strengthen scientific research on marine ecology and environment of the Antarctica.