为顺应现代海战的演进趋势，水下攻防对抗正朝着体系化方向发展，综合了水下预警、侦察、探测、攻防等一系列行动。虽然单一领域的武器装备发展迅速，但水下攻防仍存在对抗体系的能力建设、作战样式、未来发展重点不甚清晰等问题。本文梳理了军事强国水下对抗体系建设的现状与基础，分析研判了未来水下攻防对抗体系的功能组成和典型作战样式，重点阐述了水下攻防对抗体系装备发展的主要方向，同时提出了加强综合感知和导航、发展联合指挥控制、注重军民融合式发展等水下攻防体系与装备的建设举措。相关研究可为我国未来水下攻防对抗的顶层设计和装备论证提供理论参考。

As an important development direction of naval warfare, the underwater attack–defense confrontation system integrates underwater warning, scout, detection, attack, defense and a series of other operations. Currently, although underwater offensive and defensive weapons have developed rapidly, research on the capacity building, combat styles, and development priorities of the confrontation system still lacks. This paper first summarizes the status quo of underwater confrontation system construction in some military powers, and analyzes the functional composition and typical combat styles of the future underwater attack–defense confrontation system. Furthermore, it systematically studies the development directions of the future confrontation system, and proposes corresponding suggestions for the development of the underwater attack–defense system and equipment, including improving integrated perception and navigation, developing unified command and control, and promoting military-civilian integration.