载人潜水器是深海进入、探测、开发和保护的重要技术手段和装备，代表着潜水器技术的发展前沿。本文简述了国外深海载人潜水器装备与技术的发展现状，梳理了我国在本领域的装备与技术发展以及探索应用情况，重点介绍了我国载人深潜技术三大里程碑成就：基于“蛟龙”号和“深海勇士”号的研制经验，形成了我国载人深潜技术体系；在 4500~7000 m潜深范围，我国载人深潜技术总体上已处于国际前沿，且具有自主知识产权；载人深潜技术向着全海深、全海域的谱系化发展思路已趋于明朗。未来 15年，我国载人潜水器领域的发展重点是巩固提高作业能力，积极拓展应用领域，不断提高智能化、轻量化、重载化和集群协同水平，精心打造产业链条，成为载人深潜技术强国。

Manned submersible is an important technical means and equipment for deep sea entry, exploration, development, and protection, which represents the development frontier of the submersible technology. In this paper, the development status of the equipment and technology of deep-sea manned submersibles abroad is briefly described, and the development and application of the same in China are then reviewed. The three milestones for the development of deep-sea manned submersible technology in China are mainly introduced. Based on the development experience of manned submersibles named “Jiaolong” and “Deep-sea Warrior”, the deep-sea manned submersible technology system is formed in China. In the range of 4500–7000 m deep-sea diving, China’s manned deep diving technology has been at the international forefront in general, and has independent intellectual property rights. The idea of genealogical development of manned deep diving technology towards the whole ocean depth and the whole sea area has become clear. In the next 15 years, China should focus on consolidating and improving the operation ability, actively expanding the application field, constantly improving the level of intelligence, lightweight, heavy load, and cluster coordination, and carefully building the industrial chain, thus to become a powerful country in manned deep diving technology.