微型模块化反应堆（vSMR）因其陆战场能源保障的重大潜力而成为军事强国的关注热点，具有机动灵活、供能迅速、成本优势明显、安全性高等特征。美军在伊拉克、阿富汗等战场出现了燃油消耗大、补给难、成本高、风险突出等问题，因此开始重新审视vSMR 的军事能源保障用途。本文从美国陆军发展vSMR 的历史过程入手，对当前具有代表性的vSMR方案进行了介绍；系统分析了基于vSMR 技术的移动反应堆电源（MNPP）在地面军事行动中的应用场景、使用方式、主要优势及挑战。研究提出，我国应积极开展vSMR 军事应用的发展论证工作，立足国情军情，探索其在固定营区、机动战场、海外行动等不同领域的应用模式；以军事需求为牵引，加强军地协同攻关，加速推进vSMR 技术的应用步伐。

Very small modular reactors (vSMRs) have become the focus of attention due to its great potential in land battlefield energy supply. It has the characteristics of flexible mobility, rapid energy supply, obvious cost advantages, and high safety. The problems of large fuel consumption, resupply difficulties, high costs and risks in the Iraqi and Afghan battlefields have led the US military to re-examine the use of vSMR in operational energy supply. This article starts with the historical process of the US Army’s development of vSMRs, and introduces representative types of vSMRs at present; then the author systematically analyzes the application scenarios, use mode, main advantages, and challenges of mobile nuclear power plants (MNPP) based on the vSMR technology. The research suggests that China should actively demonstrate the military applications of vSMR, and explore its use modes in different areas such as fixed installations, mobile battlefields, and overseas operations based on national conditions and military conditions. Taking the military demand as the traction, China should strengthen the military−civilian coordination in tackling key problems and accelerate the application of vSMR technology.