PDF(386 KB)
PDF(386 KB)
PDF(386 KB)
我国民生装备优化升级路径及对策研究
Path and Countermeasures of Optimizing and Upgrading Livelihood Equipment in China
民生装备是高端装备的重要组成部分，在国民经济发展中具有重要地位和作用。我国民生装备的国际竞争力和综合水平与国际先进水平相比存在一定差距，新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的出现进一步暴露出我国食品、纺织、医疗等民生装备发展存在严重短板，优化升级的迫切性突出。本文选取农业、食品、纺织、医疗这 4 个涉及国民经济基础命脉的民生装备领域，研究相关装备的发展现状并进行国内外比较分析，指出我国民生装备发展存在的问题及短板。研究提出，发展民生装备应以智能制造为主攻方向，研制具备数字化、网络化、智能化功能的装备，研发关键零部件、工业软件，推动民生装备企业实施数字化、网络化、智能化改造升级并与服务业深度融合。研究建议：国家统筹民生装备领域的扶持政策，开展大规模新一轮技术改造，建设行业技术创新服务公共平台，加强国产装备和工业软件的研发与应用，由此保障和推动民生装备的优化升级。
Livelihood equipment is an important part of high-end equipment. It plays an important role in the development of national economy. China’s livelihood equipment lags behind the international advanced level in terms of international competitiveness and comprehensive level. The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) further exposed the serious shortcomings in China’s livelihood equipment concerning medical treatment, food, textile, and the like, as well as the urgent need for optimization and upgrading of the industry. In this paper, livelihood equipment regarding agriculture, food, textile, and medical treatment are studied, which are related to the lifeblood of the national economy. Their development status is reviewed, and the problems and shortcomings of China’s livelihood equipment are proposed. The research suggests that intelligent manufacturing should be the major development direction of the livelihood equipment. Specifically, equipment with digital, networked, and intelligent functions should be developed; key components and industrial software should be researched; digital, networked, and intelligent transformation and upgrading of livelihood equipment enterprises should be promoted; and integration with the service industry should be deepened. To ensure and promote the optimization and upgrading of the livelihood equipment in China, the state should make overall plans for supporting policies regarding the livelihood equipment, conduct large-scale technological transformation, build a public platform for technologicalinnovation services for the industry, and strengthen the development and application of domestic equipment and industrial software.
民生装备 / 智能制造 / 优化升级 / 农业 / 食品 / 纺织 / 医疗
livelihood equipment / intelligent manufacturing / optimize and upgrade / agriculture / food / textile / medical treatment
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