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低轨卫星导航增强技术——机遇与挑战
Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) Navigation Augmentation: Opportunities and Challenges
在我国北斗卫星导航系统（北斗系统）初步实现全球能力覆盖的背景下，低轨卫星导航增强（LEO-NA）技术因其易于与北斗系统协同来提高全球自主导航精度、拓展全球卫星导航应用市场的巨大潜力而成为研究热点。本文梳理了发展导航增强技术的现实需求，分析了导航增强技术以及LEO-NA技术的发展现状，重点介绍了我国“珞珈一号”关键技术在轨验证的进展情况。在此基础上，研判了LEO-NA系统未来发展面临的技术挑战，如导航增强频率的兼容互操作、通信/导航信号一体化设计、低轨卫星星座管控、高动态导航增强信号捕获与跟踪、与现有导航系统的融合等。研究提出，针对我国发展LEO-NA技术的迫切需求，可着重在以下方面开展工作：加强系统顶层设计并充分利用现有资源，注重LEO-NA系统与北斗系统的协同增效；促进通信、导航、遥感功能融合，分步骤分层次构建天基信息实时服务系统；将卫星工程与地面基础设施统一规划考虑，实行星地一体化建设。
As China’s Beidou satellite navigation system (Beidou system) achieves a primary global coverage, the low earth orbiter navigation augmentation (LEO-NA) technique becomes a hot research topic, since it can easily cooperate with the Beidou system to improve the precision for global autonomous navigation and to extend the application market of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). This paper analyzed the demand for and status of the LEO-NA technique, and focused on the in-orbit validation of key techniques for the “Luojia-1A” satellite. It also studied the challenges faced by the LEO-NA system, including interoperability of signal frequencies after navigation augmentation, integrated design of the communication and navigation signals, control and management of the LEO constellations, acquisition and tracking of the high-dynamic augmented signals, and integration with existing GNSS systems. Considering the pressing demand for the LEO-NA techniques, the following suggestions are proposed, including enhancing the top-level design of the LEO-NA system while focusing on the synergy of the LEO-NA and Beidou systems; promoting the integration of the communications, navigation, and remote sensing functions, and building the space-based real-time service system in a stepwise and stratified manner; and planning and constructing the satellite project and the ground infrastructure in an integrated manner.
卫星导航增强 / 低轨卫星星座 / 北斗系统 / 协同建设 / 星地一体化
satellite navigation augmentation / low earth orbiter constellation / Beidou system / collaborative development / satellite–ground integration
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