新中国成立以来我国铁路事业成就显著，在国民经济发展中发挥了重要作用，尤其是近15 年来高速铁路建设飞速发展，成为一张靓丽的国家名片。钢结构对于铁路发展起着不可替代且极为关键的作用，在铁路大跨度钢桥、高速铁路车站屋架结构等工程中获得广泛应用。站位于新的历史阶段，适时对我国铁路钢结构发展进行回顾和展望，具有一定的工程实践价值和理论研究价值。本文分别从材料、结构、使用规模的角度，对大跨度钢桥、车站屋架等铁路钢结构的发展进行了系统回顾；提出了我国铁路钢结构轻量化、装配化、信息化、耐久性和高韧性的技术发展趋势，总结了铁路钢结构在设计、施工、运维和材质等方面的未来重点工作。随着应用地域和环境的多样化，铁路钢结构仍然面临一系列有待攻克的技术难题，如耐候设计、海洋恶劣环境施工、高原少维护等，需持续加大研究投入以保障关键技术突破与运用。

China has made great achievements in railway construction since its founding over 70 years ago. Particularly, China’s highspeed railway industry has developed rapidly and become a beautiful national business card over the past 15 years. Steel structures play an irreplaceable and critical role in railway development and are widely applied in long-span railway steel bridges and roof trusses of railway stations. This research reviews and prospects the development of railway steel structures. It reviews the development of railway steel structures from the perspective of material, structure, and project scale, and proposes the development trends of the railway steel structures, namely, lightweight, assembly, informatization, strong durability, and high tenacity. Moreover, the focuses of future development of the railway steel structures are summarized in terms of design, construction, maintenance, and material. The diversification of application areas and environments has posed a series of technical challenges for the railway steel structure development, including weather resistant design, construction in harsh marine environment, and lack of maintenance in plateau environment, which all require persistent and further research.