浩瀚的大洋底部蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源，其种类多、储量大、品位高，具有巨大的开发利用前景，世界各国都在加快深海矿产资源开发装备的研制。本文系统分析了国内外深海矿产资源开发技术装备的发展现状，从基础科学问题研究、关键技术研发、海上试验验证等角度剖析我国技术装备存在的不足，总结归纳亟待解决的关键科学技术问题，并据此提出深海采矿重载作业装备、矿石输送装备、水面支持装备的发展方向。研究提出深海矿产资源开发秉持重装、协同、智能、绿色的发展理念，加速推进核心技术创新和装备自主研发；建议开展深海多金属结核开采示范工程建设，加快推动深海矿产资源开发关键技术装备研发，实现规模化海上试采，并着眼长期生产作业开展系统设计，促进商业化开采进程。

There are abundant mineral resources at the seafloor. These resources have rich varieties, vast reserves, high grade, and great development and utilization prospects. Countries in the world are accelerating the development of deep-sea mining equipment nowadays. This study analyzes the development status of the deep-sea mining equipment in China and abroad and investigates the deficiencies in technologies and equipment in China from the perspectives of fundamental scientific research, key technology development, and sea trial verification. Moreover, it summarizes the key scientific and technological issues to be resolved, and proposes the developing trends of deep-sea heavy operation equipment, ore transport equipment, and sea surface support vessels. We propose that deep-sea mining should adhere to the concepts of heavy equipment, collaboration, intelligence, and green development, and key technology innovation and independent research and development of the mining equipment should be promoted. Demonstration projects should be constructed for deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining to accelerate the development of deep-sea mining technologies and equipment, so as to realize large-scale sea trials, conduct system design for long-term operation, and promote commercial seabed mining.