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海洋天然气水合物开采技术与装备发展研究
Development of Marine Natural Gas Hydrate Mining Technology and Equipment
天然气水合物尤其是海洋天然气水合物是有望替代传统化石能源的一种新型清洁非常规能源，全球储量丰富，目前对其开采仍处于研究阶段，商业化、规模化开采面临诸多技术与装备挑战。本文针对现有水合物开采方法，围绕日本和我国的海洋天然气试采工程案例，对降压和固态流化法两种试采模式涉及的关键技术和工艺进行了分析；综合国内外相关技术与装备的发展现状，提出了适合我国储层与装备技术的海洋天然气水合物开采的发展思路及对策建议。研究发现，在以深海采矿车、疏松浅表层双梯度钻井技术等为代表，用于水合物 – 油气 – 海底金属矿开采的通用关键技术装备领域，我国的整体水平落后于国外；在以防砂技术装备、浅层水合物开采的预斜导向钻进技术、“三气合采”技术装备等为代表的专用关键技术装备领域，我国综合水平与国际先进水平相当，但仍然距商业化开采技术装备需求较远。面向 2035 年，我国海洋天然气水合物开采技术与装备发展的战略目标为进入全面领跑阶段，建立商业化开发的工程装备体系。研究建议，从国家层面制定海洋天然气水合物开发技术与装备研发计划，推动水合物的商业化开发进程，开展海洋非成岩水合物开采专用和通用技术装备的研发及应用。
Natural gas hydrate, especially marine natural gas hydrate, is a new clean unconventional energy which is expected to replace the traditional fossil energies. The global reserve for the natural gas hydrate is rich; but its exploitation is still in the research stage, and the commercial and large-scale exploitation faces many challenges regarding technology and equipment. Aimed at the existing hydrate exploitation methods, this study analyzes the key technologies and processes involved in two trial production modes (i.e., ressurization and solid-state fluidization) that were adopted in the pilot production projects of offshore natural gas in Japan and China, summarizes the development status of relevant technology and equipment in China and abroad, and proposes some development suggestions for marine gas hydrate exploitation suitable for the reservoir and equipment technology in China. We found that China lags behind other countries in the fields of general key technologies and equipment for hydrate, oil gas, and subsea metal mining, represented by deep-sea mining vehicles and dual-gradient drilling technology for the loose shallow layer. In the field of special key technologies and equipment, represented by sand control technology and equipment, pre-inclined directional drilling technology for shallow hydrate mining, and combined production of hydrate, free gas, and conventional natural gas, China’s comprehensive level is equivalent to the international advanced level, but it still cannot satisfy the requirements for commercial mining. The development of exploitation echnologies and equipment for marine natural gas hydrates in China is expected to enter a leading stage in 2035, and an engineering equipment system for commercial development is expected to be established by then. To this end, we suggest that a research and development plan for marine natural gas hydrate exploitation technology and equipment should be formulated at the national level, so as to promote the commercial development of hydrates, and the research and application of special and general technologies and equipment for offshore non-diagenetic hydrate exploitation should be accelerated.
海洋天然气水合物 / 开采模式 / 通用技术装备 / 专用技术装备
marine natural gas hydrate / exploitation mode / general technology and equipment / special technology and equipment
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