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微生物资源分子鉴定技术的研究进展
Research Progress in Molecular Identification Technology for Microbial Resources
微生物作为全世界分布最广且拥有量最多的生物资源，应用领域广泛，具有突出的经济价值和社会价值。以往虽已有众多微生物研究，但限于技术方法无法深入展开，随着微生物检测技术的不断发展，为微生物研究提供了新途径和新方法。本文总结了国内外微生物资源分子鉴定技术的发展及其应用情况，主要有脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）含量测定、核酸杂交技术、DNA 指纹图谱技术、核酸扩增技术、基因芯片技术和高通量测序技术等；梳理了现有微生物资源分子鉴定技术的优缺点；分析了微生物资源分子鉴定技术存在的问题，如依赖于实验室环境，实验结果的重现性、准确性不足，缺乏相应的微生物数据库。为促进我国微生物资源的保护和利用，研究建议，要继续加强对各鉴定技术的研究，建立具有自主知识产权的微生物资源鉴定平台，完善微生物资源数据库等。
As the most widely distributed and abundant biological resources in the world, microbial resources have been applied in many fields and shown great economic and social values. Although there have been numerous previous studies on microorganisms, the studies could not be further launched owing to limited technical methods. However, the continuous development of microbial detection technologies now provides new approaches for microbial research. In this article, we summarize the molecular identification technologies and their application for microbial resources in China and abroad; these technologies include deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (G+C) mol% identification, nucleic acid hybridization, DNA fingerprinting, nucleic acid amplification, gene chips, and high throughput sequencing. Moreover, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each technology and analyze the problems faced by molecular identification of microbial resources, including reliance on laboratory environment, insufficient reproducibility and accuracy of experimental results, and lack of microbial databases. To protect and utilize microbial resources, China should strengthen the research of each identification technology, establish a microbial resource identification platform with independent intellectual property rights, and improve the microbial resource database.
微生物资源 / 分子鉴定 / 核酸扩增技术 / 基因芯片技术 / 高通量测序技术 / 微生物数据库
microbial resources / molecular identification / nucleic acid amplification technique / gene chip technology / high throughput sequencing technology / microbiology database
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