“没有全民健康，就没有全面小康”，健康扶贫在脱贫攻坚中作用显著，推进健康乡村建设是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果和实施乡村振兴战略的重要举措。我国乡村卫生健康事业较长时期内仍存在整体发展相对滞后、优质资源短缺、资源布局不合理等不足，仍需持续加强。本文通过开展政策研究、实地调研、数据分析、专家研讨等，总结了推进健康乡村建设的现实需求，梳理了健康扶贫取得的成效及面临的主要问题，提出了推进健康乡村建设的发展目标和方向，前瞻性地提出了对策建议。为有效控制因病致贫、返贫风险，更好满足人民群众对健康的多层次、多样化需求，研究建议，持续增加政府财政投入，科学优化卫生资源和人才资源布局；立足生命全周期、健康全过程，开展健康服务；发挥中医药的独特优势，筑牢乡村疫情防控底线；基于县域医联体/ 医共体机制，做好药品保障；建立医保基金区域调剂平衡机制，提升保障政策的精准度、公平性；实施乡村名医堂工程。

Healthcare is an important component for poverty alleviation in China, and it requires constant efforts as this sector in the rural areas in China will remain underdeveloped and short of high-quality resources for a long time. Moreover, promoting healthy village construction is crucial for consolidating and expanding the key achievements obtained in poverty alleviation and for implementing the rural revitalization strategy in China. This study uses policy research, field research, data analysis, and expert discussion methods. We first summarize the practical needs for promoting healthy village construction and present the achievements and main problems regarding healthcare improvement for poverty alleviation. Subsequently, we explore the development objectives and key tasks for healthy village construction and propose several countermeasures prospectively. To prevent the population that have been lifted out of poverty from returning to it due to illness and better meet their diverse needs for health, we suggest that China should (1) increase government financial investment and scientifically optimize the layout of health resources and human resources; (2) provide health services based on the whole life cycle and the whole process of health; (3) maximize the unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine to draw a bottom line for epidemic prevention and control in rural areas; (4) ensure drug security based on the healthcare service coordination mechanism within the country region; (5) establish a regional adjustment and balancing mechanism for medical insurance funds to ensure the accuracy and fairness of health policies; and (6) conduct rural doctors training programs.