碳捕集利用与封存（ CCUS）是实现碳中和目标不可或缺的重要技术选择。为了系统梳理技术发展现状、明确未来发展方向，本文对我国 CCUS 技术水平、示范进展、成本效益、潜力需求等进行了全面评估。我国 CCUS 技术发展迅速，与国际整体发展水平相当，目前处于工业化示范阶段，但部分关键技术落后于国际先进水平。在工业示范方面，我国具备了大规模捕集利用与封存的工程能力，但在项目规模、技术集成、海底封存、工业应用等方面与国际先进水平还存在差距。在减排潜力与需求方面，我国理论封存容量和行业减排需求极大，考虑源汇匹配之后不同地区陆上封存潜力差异较大。在成本效益方面，尽管当前 CCUS 技术成本较高，但未来可有效降低实现碳中和目标的整体减排成本。为此建议，加快构建 CCUS 技术体系，推进全链条集成示范，加快管网布局和基础设施建设，完善财税激励政策和法律法规体系。

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is an indispensable option for achieving carbon neutrality. This study evaluates the technical development level, demonstration progress, cost effectiveness, and CO2 reduction potential of CCUS in China to review the status of CCUS and identify its future direction of development. The conclusion indicates that China’s deployment of CCUS projects has developed rapidly and is generally at the stage of industrialized demonstration; although the overall development is comparable to international counterparts, some key technologies still lag behind the international advanced level. In terms of industrial demonstration, China already has the engineering capabilities for large-scale projects; however, there remains a gap between China and the advanced countries regarding the scale of demonstration projects, technology integration, off-shore storage, and industrial application. In terms of reduction potential and demand, the theoretical storage capacity of CCUS and the demand for industrial emission reduction in China are huge. However, the onshore storage potentials in different regions are significantly varied when source–sink matching is considered. In terms of cost and benefit, although the current cost of CCUS technology is high, CCUS remains a cost-effective emission-reduction option for achieving carbon neutrality in the future. It is necessary to develop the CCUS technology system, promote full-chain integrated demonstration, accelerate the pipeline network layout and infrastructure construction, and improve the fiscal and tax incentive policies and the legal and regulatory framework.