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调整产业结构降低碳排放强度的国际比较及经验启示
Adjusting Industrial Structure and Reducing Carbon Emission Intensity: International Comparison and Experience Enlightenment
研究发达国家通过调整产业结构降低碳排放强度，对我国实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要的参考意义。本文以主要发达国家为研究对象，剖析碳排放总量、人均碳排放、碳排放强度、产业结构变化特征，据此获得调整产业结构降低碳排放的经验启示。自 1965 年以来，通过产业转移、科技创新、服务业升级，发达国家普遍形成了“脱钩型”产业结构，即支撑经济增长的同时降低碳排放的产业结构，但同时出现了“制造业空心化”的新问题。针对我国产业结构所处的工业化进程尚未完成、高耗能行业占比较大等现实国情，研究建议积极培育新能源等新兴产业，发挥数字经济在产业结构优化升级中的潜力；坚决防止“制造业空心化”，在确保产业链、供应链安全的前提下，统筹协调国内外产业转移，以此推动产业空间布局优化并促进新发展格局形成。
Developed countries have reduced their carbon emission intensity by adjusting industrial structure, which is an important reference for China to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutralization. In this article, we analyze the changes of total carbon emission, carbon emission per capita, carbon emission intensity, and industrial structure in major developed countries, thus to obtain their experience regarding adjusting industrial structure and reducing carbon emission intensity. Developed countries have generally decoupled economic growth and carbon emissions since 1965 via industrial transfer, scientific and technological innovation, and service industry upgrading; however, a manufacturing hollowing problem emerged. Considering the unfinished industrialization process in China and the large proportion of high energy-consuming industries, we suggest that China cultivates emerging industries and develops digital economy to optimize and upgrade its industrial structure. Additionally, it should further strengthen the manufacturing industry and coordinate industrial transfer in China and abroad while ensuring the security of industrial and supply chains, thereby optimizing the spatial layout of industries and forming a new development pattern.
产业结构 / 碳排放强度 / 人均碳排放 / 国际比较 / 脱钩
industrial structure / carbon emission intensity / carbon emissions per capita / international comparison / decoupling
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