现阶段，大部分发达国家碳排放已达峰且进入排放快速下降时期，纷纷出台更加积极有效的措施，力争在实现碳中和的同时占据新兴产业发展的优势地位。本文旨在梳理发达国家实现碳达峰、推进碳中和过程中的政策机制及促进社会共识方面的相关措施，为我国提供发展借鉴。梳理不同发达国家的经验并比较分析了其可取之处，总结了发达国家碳中和政策机制方面给我们带来的启发，据此形成我国碳中和路径的发展建议。国际经验表明，碳中和是一项系统工程，需要多措并举、有序推进，在减少转型成本的同时加快培育新兴产业；碳中和愿景的实现需要完善的市场化机制并加快能源市场化改革；碳中和不仅是能源和经济的转型，也将对个人的生活方式带来改变，因而普遍的社会共识是成功实现碳中和的重要保障。研究建议，做好顶层设计和分阶段的碳减排行动计划，加快和深化能源市场化改革，加强社会动员以凝聚公众的全面共识，不断深化国际合作。

Most developed countries have reached their carbon emissions peak and entered a period of rapid decline in emissions. These countries have introduced active measures in efforts to achieve carbon neutrality while occupying a dominant position in emerging industries. This article aims to sort out the policies and mechanisms in the process of achieving carbon peaks, promoting carbon neutrality, and promoting social consensus in developed countries, so as to provide reference for China’s carbon peaks and carbon neutrality. By reviewing the experiences of different developed countries, this study compares and analyzes their lessons, summarizes the inspirations that developed countries have brought to us in terms of carbon neutral policy mechanisms, and provides suggestions for China’s path to carbon neutrality. International experience shows that carbon neutrality is a systematic project that requires multiple measures and orderly progress. While reducing transformation costs, it is necessary to accelerate the cultivation of emerging industries; the realization of the carbon neutrality vision requires a sound market mechanism to accelerate the energy market reform; carbon neutrality is not only a transformation of energy and economy, it will also bring changes to individuals' lifestyles. Therefore, the general social consensus is an important guarantee for the successful realization of carbon neutrality. The research suggests that in order to achieve China’s carbon neutrality goals, we must do a good job of top-level design and a step-by-step action plan of carbon emission reducetion; accelerate and deepen energy market reforms; raise social awareness and promote people’s overall consensus on carbon neutrality; and continue to deepen international cooperation.