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PDF(725 KB)
PDF(725 KB)
无人驾驶安全风险的识别与度量研究
Safety Risks of Self-driving Vehicle: Identification and Measurement
无人驾驶汽车是人工智能技术的应用热点之一，随之而来的车辆安全事故引发了全社会关注；无人驾驶安全风险的识别与度量成为人工智能安全领域亟待研究的课题。本文通过案例访谈收集定性资料，采用探索性的质性研究方法和扎根理论，对安全风险的关键要素进行识别与提炼，率先提出无人驾驶安全风险六要素框架：单车安全、联网安全、技术水平、法律政策、社会舆论、产业风险；完成问卷量表设计，进行两次网络问卷调查以收集必要数据，据此对安全风险要素进行度量验证。研究认为，为了有效应对未来无人驾驶的安全风险，企业应加强关键零部件的研发和制造，增强信息安全的建设和投入，参与行业标准和法律法规的制定，不做虚假宣传并积极维护新兴行业发展；政府应合理加强测试监管，加速颁布法规与制定标准，引导人才培养并防止人才流失；消费者应保持良好的驾驶与行车习惯，不盲从、不轻信夸张宣传。
Self-driving vehicle is a hot application of artificial intelligence, and the identification and measurement of its safety risks has become an urgent research topic in the field of artificial intelligence safety. In this study, we collect qualitative information through case interviews and identify the key elements of safety risks using the qualitative research method and the grounded theory. Further, we propose for the first time a six-element frame for the safety risks of self-driving vehicle. These elements include single vehicle safety, networking safety, technological level, legal policies, public opinion, and industrial risks. Subsequently, we design a questionnaire and conduct two online questionnaires surveys to measure the safety risk elements. To cope with future safety risks of self-driving vehicle, enterprises should strengthen the research and manufacturing of key components, increase investment in information security, participate in the formulation of industry standards and regulations, and maintain a sustainable development. The government should strengthen the supervision over self-driving vehicle tests, improve regulations and standards, and guide talent training. Consumers should keep good driving habits and maintain rational regarding self-driving vehicle.
self-driving vehicle / safety risk / risk identification / risk measurement
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