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PDF(8045 KB)
PDF(8045 KB)
全国建筑物遥感监测与分布式光伏建设潜力分析
Building Monitoring by Remote Sensing and Analysis of Distributed Photovoltaic Construction Potentials
作为典型的清洁能源类型之一，分布式光伏具有投资小、建设快等特点，可以有效解决能源短缺的农村地区和负荷密度高的工业区用电问题。建筑物屋顶是分布式光伏设施建设的重要载体，建筑物的数量直接关系着分布式光伏的建设潜力，因而监测和分析全国建筑的空间分布对分布式光伏的规划建设具有重要价值。本文以 2 m 分辨率国产高分卫星遥感影像为数据源，利用深度学习技术提取了全国范围的建筑区，典型区域建筑占比系数表征全国不同区域的建筑屋顶面积；分析全国建筑屋顶的空间特征，研究分布式光伏的建设潜力分布格局，结合人口空间分布提出了分布式光伏的建设路径建议。研究表明，遥感提取建筑物技术精度达到 81.63%，能够满足后续分析的数据需求；全国约 1.4×104 km2 的建筑屋顶有潜力建设分布式光伏。按照分布式光伏就地建设、就地使用原则，各省份可分为四个梯队，从东部人口稠密且分布式光伏建设潜力大的区域开始建设，分级分步推进全国的分布式光伏建设实施；建立基于卫星遥感的全国分布式光伏建设动态监测机制，为分布式光伏建设规划路径的动态更新提供支撑。
Distributed photovoltaic is a typical type of clean energy and has the characteristics of small investment and fast construction. Distributed photovoltaic power can address the power consumption problem in rural areas with energy shortage and industrial areas with high load densities. Building roofs are important carriers for distributed photovoltaic facilities and thus directly related to the construction potential of distributed photovoltaic. Therefore, monitoring and analyzing the spatial distribution of buildings in China has an important reference value for the planning and construction of distributed photovoltaic. In this research, we use 2 m-resolution satellite remote-sensing images as the data source and extract the building zones in China using the deep learning technology. The areas of building roofs in typical regions are calculated according to the proportion coefficients of these regions. Subsequently, we analyze the spatial characteristics of the building roofs in China and the distribution pattern for construction potentials of distributed photovoltaic. Based on this, we propose some suggestions for the construction path of distributed photovoltaic in different areas considering the spatial distribution of population. The research shows that the accuracy of building extraction by remote sensing was 81.63%, which can satisfy subsequent data analysis requirement. Approximately 1.4×104 km2 of building roofs in China have the potential to develop distributed photovoltaic. We suggest that distributed photovoltaic should be developed hierarchically following the principle of local power generation and local consumption. The provinces in China can be categorized into four echelons and the construction should start from the east part of China that is densely-populated and has great potentials for distributed photovoltaic development. Moreover, it is necessary to establish a nation-wide dynamic monitoring mechanism for distributed photovoltaic construction based on satellite remote sensing, thereby supporting the dynamic update of the distributed photovoltaic planning path.
satellite remote sensing / building extraction / distributed photovoltaic / deep learning
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