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重大工程引领的黄河流域生态环境一体化治理战略研究
迟妍妍, 王夏晖, 宝明涛, 张丽苹, 刘斯洋, 付乐, 许开鹏, 王晶晶
中国工程科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (1) : 104-112.
PDF(628 KB)
PDF(628 KB)
重大工程引领的黄河流域生态环境一体化治理战略研究
Integrated Governance of Ecological Environment in Yellow River Basin Led by Major Projects
黄河流域是我国重要的生态屏障，生态环境敏感脆弱、部分地区局部支流生态环境问题突出，为此，系统谋划黄河流域生态环境治理工程，着重解决突出问题，是黄河流域“共同抓好大保护、协同推进大治理”的重要举措。为进一步推动黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展，本文分析了黄河流域生态环境保护治理面临的主要挑战，从生态环境治理工程投入、生态环境监测网络建设、生态环境治理能力现代化等方面分析了当前存在的主要问题，据此提出了构建以重大工程为引领的黄河流域生态环境一体化治理战略体系框架。研究认为，应充分考虑上中下游空间差异化，坚持系统设计、突出重点，因地制宜、分类施策，统筹谋划、协同共治，水陆联动、联防联控，实施“山水林田湖草沙”一体化保护与修复重大工程、流域环境污染综合治理重大工程、流域生态环境治理现代化重大工程。从解决当前生态环境问题的紧迫性和必要性角度出发，本文提出了建立国家黄河流域生态环境治理重大工程项目库、因地制宜分期分批实施重大工程、开展重大工程实施全过程监管与成效评估、强化重大工程实施的科技创新与支撑等措施建议。
The Yellow River Basin is an important ecological barrier for China; the ecology there is sensitive and fragile and ecological problems are severe in some regions. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a systematic planning of ecological management and address prominent problems for the basin. To further promote the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, this article analyzes the major challenges regarding ecological protection in the region and summarizes the major problems there from the aspects of investment in ecological management, construction of ecological monitoring networks, and modernization of ecological management capacities. Based on this, we propose a strategic system framework for integrated ecological governance in the Yellow River Basin led by major projects. The integrated ecological governance should consider the spatial differentiation of upper, middle, and lower reaches and adhere to the principle of systematic design. Moreover, measures need to adapt to local conditions, and land and water should be linked for joint prevention and control. Additionally, major projects are required to lead the integrated governance, including mountain–river–forest–farmland–lake–grass–sand integrated protection, environmental pollution comprehensive control, and ecological management modernization projects. Considering the urgency and necessity of solving current ecological problems, we propose the following suggestions: (1) establishing an ecological management project library, (2) implementing major projects in stages and in batches, (3) conducting entire-process supervision and effectiveness evaluation of major projects, and (4) strengthening scientific and technological support for the major projects.
the Yellow River Basin / ecological environment / major project / integrated governance
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