长江经济带是我国重要的生态安全屏障，也是我国经济发展的重心所在。推进长江流域城市群建设，对于加快长江经济带发展意义重大。本文以长江经济带五大城市群为研究对象，对其环境承载能力进行评价，采用四象限分析方法探究城市群发展与环境承载力之间的耦合关系，并将城市群划分为三大类别。研究结果表明，长江三角洲城市群属于成熟期– 环境超载型，成渝和长江中游城市群属于高速发展期– 环境超载型，黔中和滇中城市群属于培育期– 环境不超载型。进一步从生态空间管控、国土空间格局优化、城市群绿色发展、人居环境改善等方面提出了长江经济带城市群发展的战略建议，以期强化环境承载能力在城市群发展中的前置性、基础性、引导性作用，为推进长江经济带高质量发展提供基础支撑。

The Yangtze River Economic Belt is a vital ecological security barrier and a focus of China’s economic development. Promoting the construction of urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Basin is of great significance for accelerating the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Using the five urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research object, we evaluate their environmental carrying capacities and explore the coupling relationship between urban agglomeration development and environmental carrying capacity using a four-quadrant analysis method. We categorize these urban agglomerations into three types. The results show that the urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta belongs to a mature–environmental overload type, the urban agglomerations in Chengdu–Chongqing and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River belong to the high-speed development–environmental overload type, and the urban agglomerations in central Guizhou and central Yunnan belong to the cultivation–environmental non-overload type. Furthermore, we propose strategic suggestions for the development of urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the aspects of ecological space control, optimization of land spatial pattern, green development of urban agglomerations, and improvement of human settlement environment. These aim to strengthen the guiding role of environmental carrying capacity in the development of urban agglomerations and provide basic support for promoting the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.