科学的监管体系可以促进新兴事物的蓬勃和规范化发展。人工智能（AI）独立医用软件是人工智能时代赋能医疗健康领域的重要产物。随着人工智能的深入发展，人工智能独有的黑盒算法及自主学习能力引起了巨大的监管挑战。AI 独立医用软件的监管需要与时俱进，为最大程度降低人工智能医疗软件不良事件发生率和风险影响，我们亟待寻求更为科学合理的监管应对方案。对此，本文从AI 技术特征监管应对出发，针对算法变更管理、质量控制、安全追溯等监管上存在的痛点和难点问题梳理了国内外AI 独立医用软件相关监管制度和支撑资源的现状。分析总结了我国AI 独立医用软件监管在制度层面、支撑资源层面仍面临的一些问题与挑战，并针对上市后监管短板提出了措施建议：系统完善AI 独立医用软件监管制度，深化AI 独立医用软件监管支撑体系。以期能够为进一步完善我国AI 独立医用软件科学监管提供参考。

A scientific supervision system enhances vigorous and standardized development of emerging things. Artificial intelligencebased software as a medical device (AI-Based SaMD) is an important product in the health field enabled by artificial intelligence (AI). As AI develops further, its unique black box algorithm and independent learning ability have posed major supervision challenges. AIBased SaMD supervision needs to keep pace with the times and a more scientific supervision strategy is urgently required to minimize the adverse events of AI-Based SaMD and their risk impact. This article summarizes the current status of supervision systems and supporting resources of AI-Based SaMD in China and abroad considering the difficulties in algorithm change management, quality control, and safety traceability. In addition, we explore the problems and challenges of AI-Based SaMD in China. Furthermore, we suggest that the AI-Based SaMD supervision and support systems should be improved in China to overcome the disadvantages of postmarket supervision.