提升农业产业竞争力是建设社会主义现代化强国的必然要求，当前农业外部风险的加剧和大国小农、资源紧张、农产品供给紧平衡的基本国情、农情对农业产业竞争力提出了新的要求与挑战。因此，重塑农业产业竞争力内涵、谋划提出新阶段农业产业竞争力战略构想，具有重要性和紧迫性。本文提出了“安全多元、绿色高效、核心掌控、自主竞争”的农业产业竞争力观，基于安全保障力、产业控制力、市场竞争力3 个核心要素，构建了新阶段农业产业竞争力评价指标体系并对其进行评价，据此剖析了我国农业产业竞争力面临的突出短板。在完成新阶段农业产业竞争力提升路径设计的基础上，提出了保障重要农产品稳定供应、拓展农业产业增值空间、推动经营主体与服务主体现代化、提升国际农业合作话语权、推动农业科技优先发展五大举措。

Promoting the competitiveness of China’s agricultural industry is crucial for building China into a great modern country. The aggravation of agricultural external risks and the basic national conditions—smallholder farmers, resource shortage, and tight balance of agricultural products supply and demand—propose new requirements and challenges to the competitiveness of China’s agricultural industry. It becomes urgent to redefine the competitiveness of agricultural industry and propose a corresponding strategic framework for the new development stage. In this study, we propose a new concept of agricultural industry competitiveness labeled as safe and diversified, green and efficient, core control, and independent competition. Moreover, we establish a competitiveness evaluation index system for the agricultural industry considering three core components: security assurance, industrial control, and market competitiveness; we evaluate the competitiveness of China’s agricultural industry using this system to explore the weaknesses of the industry. Furthermore, we propose competitiveness upgrade paths and countermeasures for China’s agricultural industry at the new stage. Specifically, China should ensure a stable supply of important agricultural products, expand the value-added space of its agricultural industry, promote the modernization of agricultural operation and services, encourage international cooperation, and give priority to the development of agricultural science and technologies.