乡村公共服务治理现代化作为我国乡村治理的重要内容，是补齐农村基本公共服务短板、提高公共服务质量的需要， 也是保障和改善民生、实现乡村振兴的重要基础。本文基于我国22 个省份乡村公共服务治理情况的调研，梳理了乡村公共服务治理的历史演进与制度变迁，剖析了乡村公共服务治理现代化面临的主要问题，提出了面向2050 年的乡村公共服务治理现代化的战略目标、发展路线图和重点任务。研究发现，当前乡村公共服务治理在公共教育、医疗卫生、社会保障、就业培训、公共文化体育服务等方面仍存在问题，亟需深入推进乡村公共服务治理现代化；后续的重点任务为：构建城乡协同的基础设施体系，促进乡村教育治理现代化， 改善乡村文体基础设施建设，优化乡村公共卫生服务体系，提升乡村社会保障体系。为了巩固脱贫攻坚成果、切实提升乡村公共服务治理的现代化水平，应明确乡村公共服务重点治理对象与供给清单，加快推进乡村公共服务治理的智能化、数字化建设，推进乡村公共服务治理多元主体协同共治。

The modernization of public service governance in rural areas is a crucial component for rural governance in China; it promotes the quality of public services and provides a foundation for improving people’s livelihood and realizing rural revitalization. Based on an investigation regarding rural public service governance in 22 provinces (cities and autonomous regions) in China, we summarize the historical evolution and institutional changes of the public service governance in rural areas, analyze the major challenges faced during the modernization of rural public service governance in China, and propose the strategic objectives, development roadmap, and key tasks for 2050. Multiple problems remain in terms of public education, health care, social security, employment training, and public cultural and sports services. Therefore, the key tasks in the future include: (1) building a coordinated infrastructure system between urban and rural areas, (2) modernizing the governance of rural education, (3) improving rural cultural and sports infrastructure, (4) optimizing the public health service system, and (5) improving the social security system in rural areas. To further modernize rural public service governance in China, we suggest that the key governance objects and the supply list of rural public services should be clarified, the intelligent and digital transformation of governance should be accelerated, and collaborative governance by multiple subjects should be encouraged.