天然石墨是一种由新制备及应用技术引领发展的新技术矿产，是支撑我国战略性新兴产业发展的重要原材料。本文分析了石墨资源及材料产业高质量发展的需求，总结了我国石墨资源及材料产业的发展现状，分析了我国石墨产业高质量发展的潜力和面临的主要问题，提出了我国石墨资源及材料产业下一步发展的目标。在此基础上，本文提出了石墨资源及材料产业高质量发展的举措，包括以石墨精深加工为中心布局技术创新体系；优化资源配置，加快发展绿色石墨企业及绿色石墨矿山；加强平台能力建设，夯实产业链供应链技术创新基础；重点突破石墨烯独特物性的专属应用，避免过度宣传。研究建议，健全我国石墨全产业链及供应链数据库，建立长期支持我国石墨产业高质量发展的政策机制，加快资源整合及“国际石墨谷”建设，规划布局创新能力平台和加强人才培养。

Natural graphite is a new-technology mineral resource led by new mineral preparation and application technologies and an important raw material that supports the development of China’s strategic emerging industries. This paper analyzes the demand for high-quality development of graphite resources and the graphite material industry, summarizes the development status, unveiled development potentials and major challenges, and puts forward goals for next stage development. Furthermore, this paper proposes the following measures: (1) establishing a technology innovation system that focuses on the deep processing of graphite; (2) optimizing the allocation of resources and boosting the development of green graphite plants and mines; (3) strengthening the capacities of platforms to consolidate the technological innovation foundation for industrial and supply chains; and (4) focusing on breakthroughs in the xclusive application of graphene’s uniqu physical properties and avoiding excessive marketing. Additionally, it is necessary to set up a sophisticate database that covers the entire industrial and supply chains of graphite, establish a long-term policy mechanism that supports the high-quality development of China’s graphite industry, accelerate resource integration to construct an international graphite valley, and improve innovation platforms to enhance talent trainning.