能源是人类社会生存和发展的重要物质基础，水路交通作为交通运输行业的重要组成部分是能源消耗与温室气体排放的重点领域之一，因此水路交通与能源融合发展成为应对资源紧缺、气候变化、环境污染等严峻挑战的有力举措。本文梳理了包括船舶、港口在内的我国当前水路交通用能特征形式，从供给、质量、利用模式的角度评估了相关主体的能源需求演化趋势；开展了水路交通与能源融合发展的技术性评估，涵盖自然禀赋分析、基础设施资产能源化应用潜力、用能需求研判，并据此提出了我国水路交通与能源融合的发展原则、思路与路径。本文从政策、关键技术、人才培养等层面提出了推动我国水路交通与能源融合的发展建议，以期为领域交叉研究、水路交通行业高质量发展提供基础参考。

Energy is vital for the survival and development of human society. Waterway transportation, as a significant component of the transportation industry, is one of major fields of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the integrated development of waterway transportation and energy becomes a powerful measure against severe challenges such as resource shortage, climate change, and environmental pollution. This paper reviews the current energy consumption characteristics of waterway transportation in China in terms of ships and ports, and evaluates the evolution trend of energy demand of relevant main parts from the perspectives of energy supply, quality, and utilization mode. The technical assessment of the integrated development of waterway transportation and energy is conducted, including natural endowment analysis, energy application potential of infrastructure assets, and research and judgment on energy demand. Based on this, the development principles, ideas, and pathways of water way transportation and energy integration in China are proposed. Moreover, this paper proposes suggestions for promoting the integration of waterway transportation and energy in China from the aspects of policy, key technology, and personnel training, so as to provide a basic reference for cross-disciplinary research and high-quality development of the waterway transportation industry.