国家现代化建设和运行高度依赖重大基础设施，相应安全问题成为国家安全的核心要素之一；非核强电磁脉冲源生成 技术逐步成熟并朝着普及化、隐蔽化方向发展，已成为重大基础设施的现实威胁类别。重大基础设施的电磁安全保障研究成 为我国面临的紧迫性、战略性任务。本文以重大基础设施的非核强电磁脉冲威胁为研究对象，明确了概念内涵并凝练了重大 需求，梳理了先发国家在本领域所发布的国家政策、产业标准、基础研究、应急管理等举措；阐述了防护关键技术体系，包 括正向设计、等效试验评估、威胁监测与预警等方面。在剖析我国重大基础设施的非核强电磁脉冲防护现状及存在问题的基 础上，提出了强化政府领导、组织科研攻关、制定标准规范、激发企业活力、分类分阶段实施防护加固、促进人才培育、加 强公众培训等方面的基本策略。相关研究可为我国非核强电磁脉冲防护领域建设与发展、提升国家应对新型安全威胁能力提 供基础参考。

Major infrastructures are vital for the modernization and operation of a country and the safety of major infrastructures is crucial for national security. In recent years, the generation technology of non-nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) sources has gradually matured and develops to be universal and concealed. Therefore, the non-nuclear EMP has become a realistic threat for major infrastructures. Ensuring the electromagnetic safety of major infrastructures is an urgent strategic task for China. This study takes the non-nuclear EMP threat of major infrastructures as the research object, clarifies the basic concepts of and major demands for EMP protection for major infrastructures, and analyzes the measures taken by developed countries in this field from the aspects of national policies, industrial standards, fundamental research, and emergency management. In addition, the key technologies for efficient nonnuclear EMP protection are discussed, focusing on forward design, equivalent test and evaluation, and threat monitoring and prediction. Moreover, this study analyzes the current status and existing problems regarding non-nuclear EMP protection of major infrastructures in China and proposes several fundamental strategies including strengthening government leadership, promoting scientific research, formulating standards and guidance, stimulating the vitality of enterprises, conducting classified and staged implementation, boosting talent cultivation, and promoting public training. This study can provide a basic reference for the nonnuclear EMP protection of major infrastructures and further support China to handle new threats.