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PDF(3422 KB)
深空安全研究现状与未来发展
Research Status and Future Development of Deep Space Security
世界各国深空探测活动日益增多、探测环境趋于复杂、任务难度越来越大，开展深空安全问题研究具有现实意义。本文从深空安全的基本内涵出发，概述了深空安全的研究意义与关键问题，梳理了空间辐射威胁、行星保护、太空遗产保护、空间立法等深空安全关键问题的研究现状并展望了未来发展。空间辐射具有威胁类型多、辐射强度大的特点，应从物理防护、生物医学防护、化学防护等角度开展研究。行星保护主要面临深空航天器的污染和撞击挑战，应从深空微生物检测与消毒杀菌技术、应对政策制定等角度开展研究。太空遗产保护因各国间的政治、文化、法律差异而在评估及保护措施方面存在争议，应从国际协作、深空航天器以及人类影响降低等角度开展研究。深空立法因各国间存在复杂的国际关系而导致当前的法律法规效力难以成为国际社会共识，应从国际立法组织、国内研究机构、国内法律体系完善等方面开展研究。
As deep space exploration activities increase worldwide, the exploration environment becomes increasingly complex and the exploration tasks become increasingly difficult. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to research on deep space security issues. In this study, we first clarify the basic connotation of deep space security, briefly describe the significance and key issues of deep space security research, and summarize the research status and future development of four key deep space security issues: space radiation threat, planetary protection, space heritage protection, and space legislation. The study indicates that space radiation has the characteristics of multiple threat sources and high radiation intensity and should be researched from the perspectives of physical, biomedical, and chemical protection. Planetary protection mainly faces the challenges of pollution and impact of deep space spacecraft, and research should be conducted from the perspectives of deep space microbial detection and disinfection technologies as well as policy formulation. Space heritage protection is controversial in terms of evaluation and protection measures owing to political, cultural, and legal differences among countries, and it should be researched from the perspectives of international cooperation, deep space spacecraft, and reduction of human impact. Due to the complex international relations among countries, it is difficult for the effectiveness of current laws and regulations to become the consensus of the international community; therefore, research should be conducted from the aspects of international legislative organizations, domestic research institutions, and the improvement of domestic legal systems.
深空安全 / 空间辐射威胁 / 行星保护 / 太空遗产保护 / 空间立法
deep space security / space radiation threat / planetary protection / space heritage protection / space legislation
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