华北地区生态保护与恢复的水资源效应研究
Water Resource Effectiveness of Vegetation Conservation and Restoration in North China
近年来，华北地区实施了一系列生态保护与恢复工程，植被生态状况发生了显著变化；探究区域植被恢复对水循环过程及水资源供需平衡的影响，对于完善生态恢复策略、实现区域水资源可持续利用十分重要。本文采用皮尔逊相关系数和莫兰指数，结合多源水参量数据进行综合性分析，阐释了植被和不同水参量的时空变化情况，甄别了植被保育与恢复下的水资源变化响应，进而探讨了华北地区水资源与植被恢复的权衡关系。研究结果表明，华北地区的生态保护与恢复工程成效显著，植被净初级生产力的增速约为恢复工程区外的2.3 倍；植被的扩张与蒸散量表现出空间与时间上的强相关性；植被恢复引起的蒸散量提高是引起水储量赤字或显著降低的主要原因。为此建议，华北地区可完善生态恢复策略，在植被保育与恢复过程中考虑水资源的限制作用；以自然恢复方式为主，促进生态恢复的可持续性、水资源的可利用性。
In recent years, a series of ecological protection and restoration projects has been implemented in North China, and the vegetation conditions have changed significantly. Exploring the impact of regional vegetation restoration on the water circulation process and the balance of water supply and demand is important for improving ecological restoration strategies and realizing the sustainable utilization of regional water resources. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient and Moran’s I index and based on multi-source water covariate data. The spatial and temporal variation of vegetation and different water covariates is analyzed, the water resource effects of vegetation conservation and restoration are identified, and the tradeoff between water resources and vegetation restoration is discussed. The results show that the effects of ecological protection and restoration projects are remarkable, with the net primary productivity increasing at a rate of approximately 2.3 times faster than that outside the project area; the vegetation expansion and evapotranspiration show strong spatial and temporal correlations; and the increase in evapotranspiration owing to vegetation restoration is the main reason for the deficit or significant reduction in water storage. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the implementation strategy of ecological restoration while considering the restriction of water resources on vegetation conservation and restoration, strengthen the dominant position of the ecosystem’s own resilience, and promote the sustainability of vegetation restoration and the sustainable use of regional water esources.
| 数据类别 | 数据集 | 空间分辨率 | 时间分辨率 | 数据来源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 降水量 | 融合站点信息和遥感数据的中国气象驱动要素数据集（CMFD） | 0.1° | 月 | https: //data.tpdc.ac.cn/zh-hans/data/8028b944-daaa-4511-8769-965612652c49/ |
| 全球降水观测计划（GPM）卫星遥感降水数据 | 0.1° | 月 | https: //gpm.nasa.gov/ | |
| 中国气象局气象站点ANUSPLIN3插值数据 | 0.1° | 月 | https: //data.cma.cn/ | |
| 径流量 | TerraClimate 数据集（TEC） | 0.1° | 月 | https: //climate.northwestknowledge.net/TERRACLIMATE/ |
| 全球陆地数据同化系统（GLDAS）v2.1 | 0.25° | 3 h | https: //disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/GLDAS_NOAH025_3H_2.1/summary | |
| 饥荒预警系统网络、陆面数据同化系统 | 0.1° | 月 | http: //disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/uui/datasets?keywords=FLDAS | |
| 蒸散发 | 中国实际蒸散发数据 | 1 km | 10 d | https: //doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12278684.v3 |
| MODIS16A3GF v006 gap-filled | 500 m | 年 | https: //lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod16a3gfv006/ | |
| 全球陆地蒸发阿姆斯特丹模型 | 0.25° | 月 | https: //www.gleam.eu/ | |
| LAI | 欧洲航天局GEOV2 LAI | 1/112° | 10 d | https: //land.copernicus.eu/global/products/lai |
| NPP | 文献数据 | 0.05° | 年 | https: //www.pangaea.de/ |
| 生态恢复工程边界 | NA边界 | — | — | https: //www.resdc.cn/ |
| NFPP、BTSSCP、TNSFP、GFG边界 | — | — | https: //www.pangaea.de/ |
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