污泥作为污水处理的过程产物，具有“污染”“资源”双重属性，对其开展妥善处置是污水处理减污降碳的重要任务。虽然我国污泥处理经历了“重水轻泥”向“泥水并重”的转变，技术与标准体系发展迅速，但在生态文明建设，碳达峰、碳中和目标的背景下，污泥处理处置仍存在亟待突破的短板弱项。本文梳理了城镇污泥产量和泥质特征、处理处置技术、政策标准体系的发展现状，凝练了污泥处理处置在管理体系、技术标准、路线选择等方面存在的突出问题；结合我国所处的发展阶段和国际发展趋势，提出了“绿色低碳、资源循环、环境友好、因地制宜”的发展理念以及相应的重点举措。研究建议，加强顶层设计，统筹设施规划布局，因地制宜选择处理处置路线；健全污泥处理处置的标准体系，完善价格补贴机制，强化责任分工与监管机制；补短板、强弱项，提升全链条集成水平，形成可推广的技术模式；面向未来实施前沿技术攻关，推动污泥处理处置与资源化技术装备创新升级。

As a by-product of wastewater treatment, sludge has dual attributes of pollutant and resource. Proper disposal of sludge is significant for reducing pollution and carbon emissions in sewage treatment. The sludge treatment in China has shifted from emphasis on wastewater treatment over sludge treatment to equal emphasis on sludge and wastewater treatment, and the technologies and standards system have been rapidly developed. However, against the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, there remain shortcomings in sludge treatment in China. In this paper, we reviewed the current status of slug treatment in China from the aspects of urban sludge production and characteristics, slug treatment technologies, and policy and standards systems, and summarized the prominent problems of slug treatment in terms of management system, technical standards, and routes selection. Considering the development stage and international development trends, we proposed a development concept of “green and lowcarbon, resource recycling, environmental friendliness, and adapting measures to local conditions.” Corresponding key measures are also proposed. Specifically, the top-level design should be strengthened to coordinate facility planning and layout, and treatment routes should adapt to local conditions. The standards system and price subsidy mechanism for sludge treatment should be improved to clarify the division of responsibilities and strengthen the supervision mechanism. The integration level of the whole chain should be promoted by strengthening the weaknesses to form a technology model that can be applied widely. Research on frontier technologies should be conducted to innovate and upgrade the technologies and equipment for sludge disposal and recycling.