地下水是我国重要的饮用水源和战略资源，但我国地下水水质总体不容乐观，污染防治工作总体起步较晚，地下水环境保护形势严峻，系统研判地下水污染防治工作面临的问题并提出针对性的对策，是遏制地下水污染趋势并实现稳中向好的重要保障。本文围绕地下水污染防治现有法规政策、管理现状及要求进行了系统梳理，并结合污染防治工作基础，对未来管理形势进行科学研判。结果表明，① 地下水污染底数尚不清晰，分级分类管控基础不牢；② 地下水污染形势日趋复杂，协同监管体系尚不完善；③ 地下水污染治理难度加大，污染防治成果应用不够；④ 地下水环境管理要求不断提升，污染防治创新动能不足。研究建议，通过持续推进重点区域地下水环境调查评估查明污染底数，支撑地下水污染的分级分类管控体系的建设；通过将多级地下水环境监测网建设和信息化监管手段相结合，实现地下水污染全过程防治的智能化、可视化协同监管；通过地下水污染防治项目试点实施及全国21 个地下水污染防治试验区建设，形成可复制、可推广的绿色可持续地下水污染防治模式；通过地下水污染溯源、标准体系构建、自主知识产权软件等关键技术问题集中攻坚，提升地下水污染防治技术原始创新与管理支撑能力。希望相关研究能为新发展阶段国家地下水污染防治提供理论指导和决策支撑。

Groundwater is a significant source of drinking water and a strategic resource for China. However, the groundwater quality in China is unoptimistic and China faces a severe situation regarding groundwater environment protection as its groundwater pollution prevention and control started late. Therefore, problems faced by groundwater pollution prevention and control should be researched and targeted countermeasures be proposed to curb the trend of groundwater pollution and improve groundwater quality. The study reviews the existing regulations and policies, management status, and requirements of groundwater pollution prevention and control in China, and predicts the future management trend. The results indicate the following challenges. (1) The groundwater pollution status is still unclear and hierarchical and classified management of groundwater pollution is lacking. (2) The groundwater pollution forms become increasingly complex and the regulatory system requires improvement. (3) The groundwater pollution control becomes increasingly difficult and only few control technologies were applied to underground pollution treatment. (4) The requirements of groundwater environmental management are constantly improving; however, the innovation impetus is insufficient. Therefore, we proposed several countermeasures. The pollution status should be identified through continuous investigation and assessment of groundwater environment in key regions, to support the construction of a hierarchical and classified management system. Intelligent, visualized, and coordinated supervision should be achieved by establishing a multilevel groundwater environmental monitoring network and adopting supervisory measures based on information technologies. Green and sustainable models should be formed and promoted through the experimental implementation of groundwater pollution prevention and control projects and by constructing 21 pilot sites. The original innovation and management capacities should be enhanced by focusing on key technical issues such as groundwater pollution traceability, standards system construction, and development of relevant software with proprietary intellectual property rights.