新修订的《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》增加了建立河长制的要求，从法律层面明确了各级首长对行政区域水环境治理的责任。本文在评估分析我国河长制实施成效、现有考核方法体系及其不足的基础上，提出了河湖断面综合水质评价和污水管网污染负荷截污率两种量化考核方法，以提高河长制成效考核的科学合理性。文章以上海市苏州河治理为例，介绍了综合水质考核方法的应用。分析了我国各省（区、市）的污染负荷截污率，发现全国平均仍有34%的污水未经处理排放入河道，造成河道水质反复恶化。将河湖断面综合水质评价和污染负荷截污率纳入河长考核，将会有效推动各地政府将人力、物力、财力集聚到城市排水管网改造和河道截污工作，推动水污染防治取得实实在在的成效。

Establishing a river chief system is stipulated in the newly amended Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, which clarifies the liability of party or administrative heads at various levels for water environment rehabilitation in their own administrative regions. In this article, we analyze the implementation effects of the river chief in China, current assessment methods, and their deficiencies, and propose two quantitative assessing methods: (1) comprehensive water quality assessment for the cross sections of rivers and lakes and (2) assessment using the pollutant load intercepting rate of sewer networks, aiming to improve the scientific rationality for effect assessment of the river chief system. With Suzhou Creek rehabilitation in Shanghai as an example, application of the comprehensive water quality assessment method was introduced. By analyzing the pollutant load intercepting rate in various provinces (autonomous regions or municipalities) in China, we find that on average 34% wastewater is still discharged into water courses in an untreated state, leading to repeated occurrence of water quality deterioration. Introducing the comprehensive water quality assessment and the pollutant load intercepting rate into the river chief assessment will effectively push the government at all levels to concentrate their human, material, and financial resources onto urban drainage network correction and the interception of pollution sources discharged into watercourses.