水资源短缺是长期以来制约黄河流域经济发展的关键因素，实施“以水定产”是黄河流域可持续水管理的核心策略， 对推动流域内的经济社会与环境协同发展、实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展战略至关重要。本文剖析了“以水定产”的 基本概念及其内涵的演变过程，辨析了“以水定产”“水管理”两者的逻辑关系，基于复合生态系统理论提出了“以水定产” 促进可持续水管理的概念框架及实施路径；从黄河流域水治理战略演变、流域水管理制度变迁两个层面梳理了黄河流域水管 理体系的发展历程及现状；进而分析了黄河流域实施“以水定产”在管理体制统筹协同、人水和谐效益优化、基础数据支撑 能力等方面存在的主要挑战。研究提出了“以水定产”驱动的黄河流域可持续水管理策略建议：完善流域水管理部门和行政 单元协调机制，协同推进“四水四定”；激励多元主体参与流域治理，创新流域治理网络体系构建；推动流域内管理部门共 建共享数据资源，实现流域精细化、可持续水管理。

Water scarcity has been a critical factor that restricts the Yellow River Basin’s economic development for decades. Balancing water resources and industrial development is a core strategy for the sustainable water management in the Yellow River Basin; it is also crucial for promoting the synergistic development of society, economy, and environment and for realizing ecological protection and high-quality development of the basin. This study first analyzes the evolution of the “balancing water resources and industrial development” concept and distinguishes the relationship between the concept and water management. Based on the social-economic-natural complex ecosystem theory, we propose a conceptual framework and an implementation roadmap for promoting sustainable water management in the basin. Moreover, we analyze the evolution and the status of the water management system in the Yellow River Basin by reviewing the basin’s water governance strategies and management systems. Accordingly, three major challenges in balancing water resources and industrial development in the basin are identified, including planning and coordination of administrative mechanisms, efficiency optimization of human‒water interaction, and improvement of data-driven policy-making. Furthermore, we propose several suggestions including strengthening intersectoral coordination in the basin, encouraging participation of multiple social entities to improve the basin governance network, and promoting administrative departments to co-build and share data resources to realize refined and sustainable water management of the basin.