电力事关国计民生、国家安全，在推进碳达峰、碳中和过程中确保电力安全稳定供应是必须审慎面对的重大问题；针对性分析我国电力供应的薄弱环节与面临挑战，构建新时期电力安全供应保障体系，是切实推动电力安全供应保障能力现代化、助力经济社会高质量发展的重要支撑。本文梳理了电力安全供应研究进展，以为开展电力安全供应保障研究提供基础认知；分析了我国电力安全供应现状，研判了“十四五”时期及中长期我国电力安全供应形势；结合近期发生的限电事件，总结了我国电力供应存在的主要问题及挑战。研究提出了保障电力安全供应需采取的坚持安全第一、坚持低碳化路径、坚持市场化改革方向、坚持科技创新核心作用等原则，构建了电力安全供应保障体系的“三步走”发展步骤。为此建议，增强电力供应保障能力、筑牢电力供应安全根基，发挥需求侧关键作用、提升电力供应本质安全水平，构建以数字化技术为支撑的新一代电力安全供应技术体系，完善市场体系和市场机制、形成全员参与的电力安全生态。

Electric power is vital for the national security, economy, and people's livelihood of a country. Ensuring the stable and secure supply of electric power is crucial for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Therefore, it is imperative to analyze the weaknesses and challenges of power supply security in China and construct a power supply guarantee system that adapts to the new era and facilitate high-quality economic development. Herein, the research progress of power security supply is reviewed, the current status of power supply in China is summarized, and the trend in power security supply in China during the 14th Five-Year period and for the medium and long terms is analyzed. Moreover, considering the recent power rationing incidents, the problems and challenges for power supply in China are summarized and analyzed. On this basis, the basic principles of adhering to security first, a low-carbon path, market-oriented reforms, and technological innovations are proposed, and a three-step roadmap for constructing a new power supply guarantee system is investigated. Furthermore, we propose the following suggestions: (1) enhancing China's power supply guarantee capabilities to solidify its foundation for power supply security; (2) improving the intrinsic security of power supply by focusing on the demand side; (3) establishing a new-generation technical system for guaranteeing power supply security; and (4) optimizing the market system to construct a power security ecology participated by all.