铁路资产能源化、用能绿色化是助力实现交通领域“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的重要途径。本文在分析铁路与新能源融合发展需求的基础上，梳理了铁路沿线太阳能、风能、地热能、声能、制动能、振动能等各类新能源的自然禀赋条件，总结了当前铁路与新能源融合形式、技术特征、设备水平的发展现状；分类汇总了铁路服务设施、运载体、基础设施与新能源融合的具体场景，讨论了车站站顶光伏、新能源机车、基础设施自供电监测设备等主力场景的发展规模及面临的问题。按照铁路新能源供给潜力分级，从微型、小中型、大型、超大型等不同规模新能源系统的角度，构建了铁路与新能源融合的系列场景及方式，重点讨论了铁路沿线基础设施病害防控电气化设备与小型、中型分布式离网光伏系统融合这一新型主力场景。进一步从能量捕获与转化、负载、储能、能源管理等技术方面，提出了铁路与新能源融合的未来趋势、关键技术、重点方向，以期为相关领域的规划建设、转型发展研究提供参考。

The integration of railway facilities and use of new energies is an important way to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals of transportation domain. After analyzing the demand for the integrated development of railway and new energies, this study summarizes the natural conditions of various new energy sources along railways, including solar, wind, geothermal, acoustic, braking, and vibrational energies. The current integration forms, technical characteristics, and equipment levels are then reviewed. The specific integration scenarios between the railway service facilities, carriers, infrastructures, and new energy sources are summarized by category, and the developmental scales and problems of major scenarios, such as photovoltaic systems at the top of railway stations, new-energy locomotives, and self-power supply monitoring equipment, are discussed. Based on the classification of potentials to supply new energies for railways, a series of new integration scenarios and methods are introduced considering the new energy systems of different scales (e.g., micro, small- and medium-sized, as well as large and super-large). A new major scenario that integrates electric equipment for railway infrastructure defects control and small- and medium-sized distributed off-grid photovoltaic systems is proposed. Furthermore, the future trends, core technologies, and key developmental directions for the integration of railway and new energies are proposed from the aspects such as energy capture and conversion, load, energy storage, and energy management. The results can provide references for planning, construction, and transformation development research in related fields.