氨能具有对化石能源的替代潜力且与可再生能源关系密切，推广应用氨能对我国能源未来发展具有重要价值。本文从氨的储能属性、燃料属性以及产业基础条件的角度分析了发展氨能的战略意义，从氨内燃机、氨燃气轮机、燃氨锅炉、氨 ‒ 氢燃料电池4个方面梳理了氨能应用现状，总结了合成氨产业现状、氨能产业发展趋势、氨能产业国内外发展规划等产业建设及研究进展。展望我国氨能产业发展，可分阶段稳步推进：加强新型绿氨合成技术攻关，完善法律法规和碳市场机制，实施绿氨示范项目；形成具有自主知识产权的氨能技术体系，构建低成本氨能供应链、高效率氨能利用链，开展规模化应用推广；按照“绿色制氨 ‒ 经济运氨 ‒ 零碳用氨”的绿色循环经济路线，重塑氨能产业结构，支持“双碳”战略目标。

Ammonia energy can be potentially used for substituting fossil energies and it has a close relationship with renewable energy sources; therefore, promoting the application of ammonia energy is expected to enable China to achieve a certain degree of energy independence, which is significant for the future development of energies. In this study, the strategic significance in developing ammonia energy is analyzed from the perspectives of its energy-storage and fuel properties and basic industrial conditions. The ammonia energy application status is reviewed from four aspects: ammonia internal combustion engines, ammonia gas turbines, ammonia-burning boilers, and ammonia-hydrogen fuel cells. Moreover, the status quo of the synthetic ammonia industry, development trend of the ammonia energy industry, and development plans of the industry in China and abroad are examined. Furthermore, we suggest that the ammonia energy industry in China should be promoted steadily by stages. First, the research on novel green ammonia synthesis technologies should be strengthened, laws/regulations and carbon market mechanisms should be improved, and green ammonia demonstration projects should be implemented. Second, an ammonia energy technology system with independent intellectual property rights should be established, and a low-cost ammonia energy supply chain and a high-efficiency ammonia energy utilization chain should be built to achieve large-scale promotion of the energy. Third, the ammonia energy industrial structure should be reshaped according to a green circular economy route that integrates green production, economical transportation, and carbon-free application of ammonia, thereby supporting the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization goals.