我国城镇化发展进入新阶段，探索工业城镇绿色发展的差异化路径，对于破解地区经济发展与宜居环境之间的矛盾具有积极意义；西北地区工业城镇中依赖矿产资源禀赋的高污染、高能耗型重工业企业众多，加强高污染散发类工业建筑的空气环境治理，旨在提高污染源头控制效率、改善岗位作业环境质量、降低工业建筑环境控制能耗。本文辨识了西北地区工业城镇的资源禀赋与产业特征，明确了开展工业建筑环境治理的基本背景；从大气环境质量、工业建筑室内空气质量控制两方面分析了西北地区工业城镇多尺度空气环境关键问题。在此基础上，系统论述了适应西北地区工业城镇特征的工业建筑环境保障技术体系，涵盖污染物源头捕集能效提升技术、室内空间环境高效通风气流组织新模式、污染物高效除尘净化技术、工业建筑节能综合技术。研究总结了所提创新技术成果的适用性及推广价值，还可配套管理、监测层面的新举措，积极运用智能化技术以增强应用成效。

China's urbanization has entered a new stage, and exploring differentiated paths for the green development of industrial towns is significant for solving the contradiction between regional economic development and livable environment. There are many heavy industry enterprises in the industrial towns in Northwest China; these enterprises have high pollution and high energy consumption and rely on mineral resources of these regions. Strengthening the air environment control of industrial buildings with high pollution emissions is expected to enahnce the source-control efficiency of pollution, improve the quality of operation environment, and reduce energy consumption for environmental control of industrial buildings. This study identifies the resource endowment and industrial characteristics of industrial towns in Northwest China and clarifies the basic background of conducting industrial building environmental governance. The key air environment problems in industrial towns in Northwest China are analyzed from the aspects of air environment quality and indoor air quality control in industrial buildings. On this basis, an environmental protection technology system that adapts to the industrial towns in Northwest China is proposed, which includes key technologies for improving the energy efficiency of pollutant source capture, new modes of air distribution with high-ventilation efficiency in the indoor environment, efficient dust removal and purification technologies of pollutants, and comprehensive technologies for energy conservation of industrial buildings. Furthermore, we summarize the applicability and promotion values of the abovementioned innovative technology achievements. New measures at the management and monitoring levels and intelligent technologies can be actively used to enhance the application effect of the mentioned technologies.