深海矿产资源开发是解决战略性矿产资源依存度持续高位问题的重要措施，拥有完备且可靠的装备体系，是保证我国站稳深海资源开发脚跟、实现国家战略资源自主可控的先决条件。本文聚焦国内外深海矿产资源勘探装备和开采装备的发展历程和现状，从完整开采系统、核心开采装备、基础装备及元器件三方面剖析国产装备发展不足，总结归纳相关装备亟待解决的科学技术问题，并据此从开展产业融合、完善绿色开采体系和优化技术支撑角度提出发展目标和重点攻关方向。研究建议，优先攻关核心装备短板以支撑我国实现规模化开采；促进多产业融合、推动完整装备链高质量发展；建议开展深海矿产资源开发重大装备攻关工程，聚焦核心装备“卡脖子”技术的“产学研用”深度融合，同时给予多方面政策支持，集中力量推动国产装备的优质创新迭代，以加快我国实现商业化开采进程。

Deep-sea mineral resource development is an important measure to address China’s long-term dependence on strategic mineral resources. Having a complete and reliable equipment system is a prerequisite for China to promote its deep-sea mineral resource development and realize self-dependence of national strategic resources. This study focuses on the development history and current status of deep-sea mineral resource exploration and mining equipment in China and abroad and analyzes the bottlenecks that restrict China’s equipment development from three aspects: complete mining system, core mining equipment, and basic equipment and components. It also summarizes the scientific problems that need to be solved urgently and proposes development goals and key research directions from the perspectives of industrial integration, improvement of green mining system, and optimization of technical support. China should prioritize core equipment development to support large-scale mining, promote the integration of multiple industries and high-quality development of the entire equipment chain, and launch major projects for the development of deep-sea mineral resource exploitation equipment, focusing on the deep integration of production, education, research, and application of core equipment technologies. In addition, the government should provide various policy support and focus on innovation and upgrade of domestically produced equipment to promote the commercialized mining of deep-sea minerals in China.