海洋科考装备是发展海洋科学的重要基础。近年来我国自主研发的海洋科考装备接连取得突破，部分装备已达到国际先进水平，但依然存在诸多技术问题。本文以海洋科考装备发展战略需求为导向，围绕科考船、潜水器、浮标潜标、海洋传感器和海洋观测系统等调研国内外海洋科考装备发展现状；分析我国海洋科考装备技术发展在关键组件、技术发展、数据管理、基础保障、需求匹配等方面遇到的问题；总结面向深远海和极地的绿色化、无人化、智能化、协同化的未来发展趋势；梳理总体和各分类装备发展中需要注重的关键核心技术。在此基础上，从梳理短板技术重点突破、加强统筹协同提高保障能力、完善创新机制促进多学科交叉融合、强化市场思维推动产业化进程、依托先进科考平台拓展国际合作等方面提出发展建议，以期为进一步推动海洋科考装备快速发展提供参考。

Marine research equipment is critical for the development of marine science. In recent years, China has made breakthroughs regarding the independent research and development of marine research equipment, and some types of the equipment have reached the advanced international level; however, technologies for the equipment still face various challenges. In this paper, the current status of the marine research equipment is reviewed, including research vessels, underwater vehicles, buoys, marine sensors, and marine observation networks. The problems encountered in the technical development of China’s marine research equipment are analyzed from the aspects of key components, technology research and development, data management, basic support, and demand matching. The future development trends are summarized, namely, green, unmanned, intelligent, and collaborative development for deep sea and polar sea research needs. Meanwhile, the key and core technologies for the overall and each category of marine research equipment are analyzed. To provide references for further promoting the rapid development of marine research equipment, the following development suggestions are proposed: sorting out the technical shortcomings, strengthening the coordination of resources to improve supporting capacity, improving the innovation mechanism to promote interdisciplinarity, strengthening the role of the market to promote the industrialization process, and relying on advanced scientific research platforms to expand international cooperation.