海上无人系统是未来智能化、无人化战争中的重要组成部分，已经成为世界各国海上竞争新的制高点，在国家和国防安全方面将扮演越来越重要的角色。本文从国家智能无人战略发展需求出发，从战略规划和概念引领、技术研究和装备研发、系统演示和能力验证三个层面系统分析了当前国内外海上无人系统及其技术的发展现状，凝练了当前海上无人系统技术各方面发展趋势和面临的挑战，论证提出了未来海上无人系统发展中需攻克的关键技术。据此结合实际发展情况和未来发展趋势，分析提出了海上无人系统的重点发展方向，最后从总体思路、体系构成、装备发展、技术攻关四个不同层面提出了推动海上无人系统持续、稳步、快速发展的对策建议，以期促进我国海洋装备发展。

Maritime unmanned system are crucial for future intelligent and unmanned warfare. They have become a new height of competition in the maritime domain and will play an increasingly important role in national defense security. Considering the development demand for national intelligence and unmanned strategies, the study analyzes the development status of maritime unmanned systems and corresponding technologies in China and abroad from the aspects of strategic planning and conceptual guidance, technological research and equipment development, and system demonstration and capability verification. The challenges and trends for the development of maritime unmanned systems are summarized and key technical challenges are proposed. Moreover, development pathways of maritime unmanned systems in key directions are explored and countermeasures to promote the sustained, steady, and rapid development of maritime unmanned systems are recommended from the perspectives of overall thinking, system composition, equipment development, and technology breakthroughs.