我国海洋运载装备产业发展迅速，已形成先进的总装建造和系统集成配套能力，实现了由技术引进向自主创新的根本 性转变；但长远发展面临的瓶颈问题未能缓解，“两头在外”的产业发展风险依然存在。着眼我国海洋运载装备产业“安全、 绿色、智能、高效”的转型升级需求，本文梳理了国际海洋运载装备产业的发展经验，分析了我国海洋运载装备产业现状并 总结了设备、部件、技术、服务等方面的发展挑战；论证提出了以绿色、智能转型为主线，实现装备高端化、产业规模与效 益协同高质量发展，建设海洋运载装备现代化产业体系的阶段性重点任务，阐述了绿色智能高端装备核心技术研发、高技术 船舶先进关键技术研发、产业链和供应链的安全韧性、产业高质量发展基础能力等主攻发展方向。进一步从保障科技创新投 入、强化自主品牌发展、促进新兴技术融入海洋装备产业等方面提出了产业发展建议，以期为船舶工业转型升级研究提供 参考。

Currently, China’s marine transportation equipment industry develops rapidly and has formed supporting capabilities for advanced assembly and system integration, transforming from technology introduction to independent innovation. However, bottlenecks that restrict long-term development of the industry still exist and China still lags behind with regard to the research and development (R&D) and design of marine transportation equipment. This study focuses on the transformation demands of China’s marine transportation equipment industry for safety, greenness, intelligence, and high efficiency. It summarizes the development experiences of the international marine transportation equipment industry, analyzes the current status of China’s marine transportation equipment industry, and explores the development challenges in terms of equipment, components, technologies, and services. The phased key tasks should focus on the green and intelligent transformation of the industry,coordinated and high-quality development of industrial scale and efficiency, and establishment of a modern industrial system for marine transportation equipment. The major R&D directions are elaborated, including core technologies for green and intelligent equipment, advanced key technologies for high-tech ships, safety resilience of industrial and supply chains, and basic capabilities for high-quality industrial development. Further suggestions are proposed from the perspectives of ensuring investment in scientific and technological innovation, actively developing independent brands, and promoting the integration of emerging technologies into the marine equipment industry, to provide a basic reference for the transformation and upgrading of the shipbuilding industry.