南海是我国面积最大的海域，超过70%为深海区域，蕴藏着丰富的深海资源，尤其是深海油气、深海矿产等。高温、高湿、高盐是我国南海区别于其他海域的主要特征，研究适用于南海资源开发的海洋装备具有重要的战略意义。本文首先分析总结了国内外主要海洋资源开发装备的发展现状及趋势，详细分析了南海资源开发装备的发展需求与关键技术，提出了南海资源开发装备的发展目标和发展思路等。最后从装备与产业发展角度，提出了南海资源开发装备产业的发展建议：依托海南省建设深海油气开发关键技术研发中心和应急救援中心、深海矿产资源开发装备研发中心、深海养殖示范区和试验区以及国家南海深远海海上综合试验场等，逐步建设“国家深海科技创新中心”“国家深海工程装备保障基地”“国家深海科技产业中心”等。

South China Sea is the largest sea of China with over 70 percent of it being deep-sea area, which is rich in deep-sea resources, particularly oil, gas, and mineral resources. Besides, high temperature, high humidity, and high salinity are the major features that distinguish South China Sea from other sea areas. Therefore, it is of strategic significance to study marine equipment suitable for resource exploitation in South China Sea. This study first reviews the development status and trend of major marine resource exploitation equipment both in China and abroad, examines the development demand for and key technologies of resource exploitation equipment for South China Sea, and proposes the development goals and ideas for the equipment. Furthermore, several suggestions are proposed from the perspective of equipment and industry development. Specifically, a key technology research and development (R&D) center and an emergency rescue center for deep-sea oil and gas development, a R&D center for deep-sea mineral resource exploitation equipment, a deep-sea aquaculture demonstration and experimental area, and a national deep-sea comprehensive test site in the South China Sea are proposed to be built relying on Hainan Province, thus to gradually establish a national deep-sea science and technology innovation center, a national deep-sea engineering equipment support base, and a national deep-sea science and technology industry center.