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海底地质灾害发育特征与监测技术研究现状及展望
申艳军, 彭建兵, 贾永刚, 马鹏辉, 范文, 沈伟, 田兆阳, 霍秉尧
中国工程科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3) : 95-108.
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海底地质灾害发育特征与监测技术研究现状及展望
Research Status and Prospect of Development Characteristics and Monitoring Techniques of Submarine Geological Hazards
在“海洋强国”建设背景下我国海洋资源开发活动逐步延伸至深海，然而海底地质条件恶劣，重大海底地质灾害问题成为海洋资源开发的制约性因素，需要全面了解海底地质灾害典型发育特征与成因规律、总结典型海底地质灾害监测技术及方法。本文概述了海底地质灾害及其监测研究历程，梳理了海底地质灾害常见发育类型及特点、海底地质灾害演化机制研究现状，海底地质灾害监测技术、海底地质灾害监测网研究进展。研究认为，深化环大陆架盆地海底地质灾害评价理论与方法、加强环大陆架盆地海底地质灾害灾变机理及预测预报、开展海底地质灾害探测 / 监测方法与临兆识别研究，以此深化关键科学问题认知；构建完备的环大陆架盆地海底地质灾害数据库、形成详实的南海环大陆架海域海底资源分布及工程设施信息库、发展海底地质灾害运动演化过程可视化仿真模拟技术、构建多圈层 – 多灾种海底地质灾害协同监测体系及预警网络，以此突破关键技术瓶颈。
Against the background of strengthening the marine industry, China’s marine resource development activities have gradually extended to the deep sea. However, due to harsh geological conditions, major submarine geological hazards pose constraints on marine resource evelopment and engineering. It is necessary to comprehensively understand the typical characteristics and causallaws of submarine geological hazards and summarize the monitoring techniques and methods for typical submarine geological hazards. This study provides an overview of the research history of submarine geological hazards and their monitoring. It summarizes the common types and characteristics of submarine geological hazards, and reviews the research on the mechanisms of submarine geological hazard evolution as well as the progress in monitoring techniques and networks for submarine geological hazards. The study suggests that it is important to improve the evaluation theory and methods of submarine geological hazards in circumcontinental shelf basins, strengthen the study of disaster mechanisms and prediction for these hazards, and conduct research on detection and monitoring methods and precursory identification of submarine geological hazards to enhance our understanding of key scientific issues. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need to establish a comprehensive database of submarine geological hazards in the circumcontinental shelf basins, create a detailed information repository of submarine resource distribution and engineering facilities in the South China Sea’s circumcontinental shelf area, develop visualization and simulation techniques for the dynamic evolution process of submarine geological hazards, and construct a multi-level and multi-hazard cooperative monitoring system and early warning network for submarine geological hazards, aiming to overcome key technological bottlenecks.
submarine geological hazards / evolution law / formation mechanism / monitoring technique
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