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海底碳封存环境地质灾害风险及监测技术研究
Geoenvironmental Hazard Risks and Monitoring Technologies for Marine Carbon Sequestration
海底CO2地质封存是我国实现“双碳”目标的重要组成部分，但CO2泄露具有诱发海底地质灾害的风险，威胁海洋工程的安全建设，因此开展封存区环境地质监测对海洋碳封存实施具有重要的现实意义。本文在简要介绍海底CO2地质封存示范案例的基础上，阐述了海底封存区CO2泄露的致灾机制，结合实例梳理了典型CO2控释试验中的海洋环境监测技术，重点分析了与CO2泄露相关的环境地质监测技术，包括地震调查与监测、电阻率法监测技术、重力监测技术、海床变形监测技术以及沉积物孔隙压力监测技术等，展望了我国海底碳封存及其环境地质监测的未来发展前景。研究认为，今后应侧重封存区CO2泄露致灾机制与环境地质监测技术研究，建议在研发长时序、低成本并实时监测技术的基础上，结合封存区基线调查，建立和发展系统性、智能性的多维度灾害识别模型，构建多方面、多层次、多灾种的监测预警预报体系。
Marine carbon geological sequestration is crucial for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutralization in China. However, there exist risks of carbon dioxide (CO2) leakage that leads to seabed geological disasters, severely threatening the safety of marine engineering. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to monitor the environmental geology of sequestration areas. This study briefly introduces several demonstration cases of marine carbon geological sequestration and explores the disaster mechanism associated with CO2 leakage in seabed sequestration areas. It also sorts out the marine environment monitoring technologies in typical CO2 controlled release tests via examples and analyzes the environmental geology monitoring technologies related to CO2 leakage, including seismic investigation and monitoring, resistivity monitoring, gravity monitoring, seabed deformation monitoring, and sediment pore pressure monitoring. Moreover, the prospects of China’s marine carbon geological sequestration and its environmental geology monitoring are presented. We suggest that long-time, low-cost, and real-time monitoring technologies should be developed, a systematic and intelligent multi-dimensional disaster identification model should be established in combination with the baseline investigation of the sequestration areas, and a multi-faceted, multi-level, and multi-disaster monitoring and forecasting system should be built.
海底碳封存 / 环境地质 / CO2泄露 / 灾害风险 / 监测技术
marine carbon geological sequestration / environmental geology / CO2 leakage / hazard risks / monitoring technologies
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