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高熵合金材料研究进展与展望
Research Progress and Prospect of High-Entropy Alloy Materials
随着世界科技水平的快速发展以及国民经济建设对高性能合金材料的迫切需求，传统单一主元合金逐渐不能满足人们与日俱增的使役需求。高熵合金因其独特的物理、化学以及力学性能，极大地拓展了金属材料成分设计范围，有望在国防、航空、航天、海洋、核能、医疗、新能源等重大工程领域发挥重要作用。本文结合各领域对先进高熵合金材料的具体需求，梳理了高熵合金材料的特征和内涵，分析了高熵合金材料发展的整体形势与前景，厘清了国内外高熵合金的发展现状。在此基础上，指出了我国高熵合金领域存在的差距和不足，我国高熵合金部分基础原材料依赖进口，严重威胁产业链安全；高熵合金产学研用体系尚未健全，工业化应用方面的研发投入有待提高。针对上述问题，研究建议，加强高熵合金材料研发的顶层设计，完善产业政策；加强企业和科研机构的对接和沟通；完善高熵合金材料标准、测试、表征、评价体系；推进人才队伍建设；降低材料成本，打造高附加值产品，促进我国先进高熵合金材料产业朝着体系化、绿色化、高端化、智能化方向发展。
With the rapid development of world’s technological level and the urgent demand of national economic construction for high-performance alloy materials, traditional single-component alloys gradually fail to satisfy the increasing service requirements. Owing to their unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, high-entropy alloys are expected to play an important role in major engineering fields such as national defense, aviation, aerospace, marine, nuclear energy, medical care, and new energy, greatly expanding the design range of metal material compositions. In this paper, based on the specific demands of advanced high-entropy alloy materials in various fields, the characteristics and connotations of high-entropy alloy materials are summarized, and the overall situation and prospects of high-entropy alloy material development are analyzed, as well as the current status of high-entropy alloy development in China and abroad. On this basis, the gaps and deficiencies in the field of high-entropy alloys in China are pointed out. First, some basic raw materials of the high-entropy alloys still rely on imports, which severely threatens the security of the industrial chain. Second, the research and development investment in industrial application of high-entropy alloys needs to be increased, and the industrial–academia–research–application system of high-entropy alloys is not yet sound. Regarding the above-mentioned issues, this study proposes the following policies and measures: strengthening the top-level design of high-entropy alloy material research and development while improving industrial policies; strengthening the connection and communication between enterprises and research institutes; improving the standardization, testing, characterization, and evaluation systems of high-entropy alloy materials; advancing the construction of talent teams; and reducing material costs and creating high value-added products, to promote the systematic, green, high-end, and intelligent development of China’s advanced high-entropy alloy material industry.
高熵合金 / 新材料 / 有色金属 / 关键战略材料 / 结构材料 / 功能材料
high-entropy alloy / new materials / non-ferrous materials / key strategic materials / structural materials / functional materials
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