粮食安全的突出矛盾表现在饲料粮方面，蛋白饲料资源的有效供给是满足居民对畜禽产品消费需求的关键。本文着眼“保障粮食安全、实现蛋白稳定供给”的宏观需求，梳理了我国蛋白饲料资源的利用现状，凝练了蛋白饲料供给面临的主要问题；在测算国内蛋白饲料资源、辨识国际市场蛋白供求潜力的基础上，分析了我国蛋白饲料的替代潜力：通过油料作物扩种增收、新型饲料资源开发利用、传统蛋白饲料资源高效利用、饲草料种植结构调整优化、畜禽蛋白转化效率提升，到2035年可较2020年减少大豆进口量约5.88×10⁷ t。研究提出，以挖潜拓源、科技支撑、适度进口为基本策略，实施替代豆粕资源的农作物和牧草增产、非常规蛋白饲料资源提质增效、新型蛋白饲料资源开发利用等重大工程，辅以加大财政支持、积极利用国际市场等策略，促进豆粕替代行动的顺利实施，确保实现国家粮食安全。

The most prominent contradiction in ensuring food security of China lies in feed grain and the effective supply of protein feed is the key to satisfy people's demand for consumption of livestock and poultry products. This study focused on the strategic requirements of ensuring food security and achieving sustainable protein supply, and analyzed the utilization status of protein feed resources and summarized the major problems in protein feed supply. Based on the protein feed resources in China and the potential of protein supply in the international market, this article analyzed the potential for substituting soybean meal in our country. It is expected that by 2035 the soybean imports will have reduced 58.8 million tons compared with 2020 by expanding the planting, increasing the income of oil crops, developing new feed resources, utilizing conventional protein feed resources, efficiently, optimizing the planting structure of forage crops, as well as improving the efficiency of livestock and poultry protein conversion. It is suggested that future efforts should be focused on tapping potentials and expanding resources, strengthening scientific and technological support, also carrying out appropriate import by imptementing major projects such as increasing crop and forage production, improving quality and efficiency of unconventional protein feed resources, and developing new protein feed resources. In addition, financial support should be increased and the international market effectively exploited, in order to promote soybean meal substitution and ensure national food security.