农业食物系统包容性发展是“大国小农”基本国情和农情下实现乡村振兴与中国式现代化的关键保障，也是实现共同富裕和全球可持续发展目标的重要内容。本文梳理了农业食物系统包容性发展的内涵特征，总结分析其在促进小农与农业现代化有效衔接，改善弱势群体食物需求与公共服务保障体系，增强农业产业链和供应链韧性，构建公平、共享、可持续的农业食物系统公共服务体系等方面存在的突出问题，进而提出了突破农业系统关键领域重大科技问题、攻克食物科学技术与完善供给体系、推进农业食物系统包容群体发展、构建农业食物系统包容性体系等4个关键体系。研究建议，以“大安全观”保障弱势群体包容发展，以“大食物观”形成粮食安全大格局，以“大数字观”优化流通与分配体系，以“大区域观”建立农食系统共享包容，以“大流通观”畅通农食系统全链渠道。

The inclusive development of agricultural and food systems is crucial for realizing rural revitalization and Chinese path to modernization considering China's basic national condition of being a large country with small farmers, and it is also an important aspect of common prosperity and global sustainable development. This study explores the implications and characteristics of inclusive development of the agricultural and food systems and identifies four prominent problems existing in promoting the effective connection between small farmers and agricultural modernization, improving the food demand and public service support systems for vulnerable groups, enhancing the resilience of agricultural industrial and supply chains, and establishing a fair, shared, and sustainable public-service system necessary for the agricultural and food systems. Moreover, four key systems are proposed aimed at overcoming scientific and technological challenges critical to the agricultural system, developing food science and technology while improving the food supply chain, promoting the inclusive development of agricultural and food systems, and establishing an inclusive agricultural and food system. Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed: (1) ensuring food security to guarantee the inclusive development of vulnerable groups, (2) forming a large-scale grain security pattern while adhering to an all-encompassing approach to food, (3) optimizing the circulation and distribution systems using digital technologies, (4) establishing a shared and inclusive agricultural and food system through regional coordination, and (5) unblocking the entire chain channels of agricultural and food systems.