膳食对居民营养健康、资源环境有着深远的影响，推动中国居民可持续健康膳食发展，对支持实现“健康中国”和可持续发展目标、保障国家粮食安全有着重要意义。本文系统梳理了可持续健康膳食的概念形成过程、代表性的可持续健康膳食模式，进一步从营养健康、资源环境、社会经济的角度阐明了可持续健康膳食的国际共识；分析了中国居民膳食现状，重点讨论了膳食相关的营养健康问题、膳食结构改变带来的资源环境问题。研究建议，提出膳食可持续健康优化方案、精确指导各地居民饮食，多措并举干预引导膳食转变、培养居民可持续健康食物消费行为，坚持生产和消费协同发展、构建可持续健康膳食供给体系，以此积极应对日益严峻的居民营养失衡与环境退化双重挑战，完善国家食物政策制定导向。

Diets significantly affect the nutrition and health of people as well as the resources and environment. Promoting a sustainable healthy diets among the Chinese population is crucial for implementing the Healthy China initiative, fostering sustainable development, and ensuring national food security in China. This study reviews the forming process of the sustainable healthy diets concept, presents several representative sustainable dietary patterns, and clarifies the international consensus on sustainable healthy diets from the perspectives of nutrition and health, resource and environment, and socio-economics. Moreover, it analyzes the current dietary patterns of Chinese residents and focuses on associated nutrition and health issues and resource and environmental challenges caused by changes in dietary patterns. Furthermore, we recommend that China should propose targeted plans to guide and optimize residents' dietary patterns, implement multiple measures to foster a healthy and sustainable food consumption habit among residents, and establish a sustainable and healthy dietary supply system. This can help cope with the double challenges of increasing nutritional imbalance and environmental degradation and improve the formulation of national food policies.